WGU Web-Development-Applications WGU Web Development Applications (KVO1) Exam Practice Test

If the type attribute is omitted from an element, it defaults to text.

HTML Input Default Type:

Default Type: The default value for the type attribute in an element is text.

Example:

Given the HTML:

This will render as a text input field.

References:

MDN Web Docs -

W3Schools - HTML Input Types

A fixed-width layout method specifies exact pixel values for widths. This approach does not adapt to different screen sizes, leading to images rendering too small or too large on various devices.

Fixed Width Layout:

Definition: Uses specific pixel values for the width of elements.

Example:

container {

width: 800px;

}

Issues:

Lack of Flexibility: Does not scale with the size of the viewport, causing images and other elements to appear incorrectly sized on different screen sizes.

Comparison:

Fluid/Liquid: Adapts to the screen size using percentages or other relative units.

Relative Width: Also adapts using units like em or %.

References:

MDN Web Docs - Fixed vs. Fluid Layout

W3C CSS Flexible Box Layout Module Level 1

Using fixed-width layouts can result in poor user experience across different devices, highlighting the importance of responsive design principles.

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The Document Object Model (DOM) is an API for HTML and XML documents that defines the logical structure of documents and the way a document is accessed and manipulated.

DOM Explanation:

The DOM represents the page so that programs can change the document structure, style, and content.

It provides a way for scripts to update the content, structure, and style of a document while it is being viewed.

Explanation:

Option A: CSS is incorrect because it is used for styling web pages.

Option B: XML is incorrect because it is a markup language, not an API for manipulating web page elements.

Option C: HTML is incorrect because it is the markup language used to create web pages, not an API for manipulation.

Option D: DOM is correct because it allows a scripting language to manipulate elements on a web page.

References:

MDN Web Docs - DOM

W3Schools - JavaScript HTML DOM

The

In JavaScript, curly braces {} are used to enclose multiple statements in a function, defining the block of code to be executed.

Curly Braces: Curly braces {} are used to group multiple statements into a single block. This is necessary for defining the body of a function, loops, conditional statements, and other control structures.

Usage Example:

function greet(name) {

let greeting = "Hello, " + name;

console.log(greeting);

}

In this example, the curly braces enclose the statements that form the body of the greet function.

References:

MDN Web Docs on Functions

ECMAScript Language Specification

In CSS, a rule is composed of a selector and a declaration block. The rule is the entire part that defines how styles should be applied to elements matching the selector.

CSS Rule Components:

Selector: Identifies the HTML elements to be styled (e.g., body, .name, #item).

Declaration Block: Contains one or more declarations, each consisting of a property and a value, enclosed in curly braces {}.

Example Analysis:

Option A:

body {

background-color: white;

}

This is the full rule, consisting of the selector body and the declaration block { background-color: white; }.

Option B:

background-color: white;

This is just a declaration, not a complete rule.

background-color: white,

This is an incorrect declaration due to the comma, and not a complete rule.

Option D:

color: black

This is just a declaration, not a complete rule.

References:

W3C CSS Syntax and Basic Data Types Module Level 3

MDN Web Docs - CSS Syntax

In JavaScript, the name of a function is defined after the function keyword and before the parentheses that enclose its parameters.

Function Name: The function name is the identifier used to call the function. It is defined immediately after the function keyword.

Usage Example:

function square(number) {

return number * number;

}

In this example, the name of the function is square.

References:

MDN Web Docs on Functions

ECMAScript Language Specification

A mobile website has the advantage of being automatically available to all users without the need for installation. Users can access it through their web browsers on any device with internet connectivity.

Accessibility: Mobile websites can be accessed by simply entering a URL in a web browser. There is no need to visit an app store and install an application.

Cross-Platform Compatibility: Mobile websites are designed to work across various devices and platforms, ensuring a broader reach.

Automatic Updates: Updates to mobile websites are immediately available to users without requiring them to download and install new versions.

References:

MDN Web Docs on Responsive Web Design

W3C Mobile Web Application Best Practices

Providing a link to the full site on a mobile web page is a common technique to ensure users can access all content if they find the mobile version limiting.

Advantages:

Access to Full Functionality: Users can switch to the desktop version if they need features not available on the mobile site.

User Control: It gives users the choice to view the site in a layout they are more comfortable with.

Other Options:

A. Access to multiple link layers: This does not directly address user needs for full site access.

B. Targeted site content: While important, it does not replace the need for a full site link.

D. Navigation links requiring scrolling: This can worsen the user experience on mobile devices.

References:

Google Developers - Mobile Site Design

Given the code segment:

var a = "8";

var b = "6";

var c = a + b;

console.log(c);

This code concatenates two strings.

Explanation:

var a = "8";: Variable a is assigned the string "8".

var b = "6";: Variable b is assigned the string "6".

var c = a + b;: The + operator concatenates the two strings, resulting in "86".

console.log(c);: Outputs the value of c to the console.

Output:

The console displays "86" because it concatenates the two string values.

References:

MDN Web Docs - String

W3Schools - JavaScript String

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are used to control the presentation of web pages, including aspects such as layout, colors, fonts, and other visual styles. They are a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, along with HTML and JavaScript. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

Purpose of CSS: CSS is designed to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple web pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.

Setting Visual Rules: CSS allows developers to define rules that specify how different elements of a web page should be displayed. For example, CSS rules can change text color, font size, spacing between elements, and even the overall layout of the web page. These rules are applied by the browser to render the web page according to the defined styles.

Cascading Nature: The term "cascading" in CSS refers to the process of combining multiple style sheets and resolving conflicts between different CSS rules. This allows developers to use different sources of style information, which can be combined in a hierarchical manner. For instance, a browser style sheet, an external style sheet, and inline styles can all contribute to the final rendering of a web page.

Benefits of CSS:

Consistency: By using CSS, developers can ensure a consistent look and feel across multiple web pages.

Maintainability: CSS makes it easier to update the visual presentation of a web page without altering the HTML structure. This is particularly useful for maintaining large websites.

Reusability: CSS rules can be reused across multiple pages, reducing redundancy and making it easier to implement changes globally.

Examples of CSS:

css

Copy code

body {

background-color: lightblue;

}

h1 {

color: navy;

margin-left: 20px;

}

In this example, the body element is given a light blue background color, and the h1 element is styled with a navy color and a left margin of 20 pixels.

References:

MDN Web Docs on CSS

W3C CSS Specifications

Given the CSS selector a, ul, it targets all anchor () elements and all unordered list (

) elements independently. This means the CSS rule will be applied to each and
element in the HTML document.

CSS Selector Analysis:

a: This part of the selector targets all elements in the document.

,: The comma is a selector separator, meaning that each part of the selector list is applied independently.

ul: This part of the selector targets all

elements in the document.

Example:

Given HTML:

http://example.com/link0 ">Link 0

http://example.com/link1 ">Link 1

• Hello

http://example.com/link2 ">Link 2

https://example.com/link3 ">Link 3

Sample

Given CSS:

a, ul {

color: red;

}

Affected Elements: All and

elements will have the color set to red.

References:

MDN Web Docs - Comma combinator

W3C CSS Selectors Level 3