USGBC LEED-AP-BD+C LEED AP Building Design + Construction (LEED AP BD+C) Exam Practice Test

Materials and Resources Credit, Construction and Demolition Waste Management

Salvaged materials are materials that have been recovered or diverted from the waste stream for reuse. They can contribute to the achievement of the Construction and Demolition Waste Management credit, which aims to reduce the amount of waste generated by construction and demolition activities and divert it from landfills and incinerators. By reusing salvaged materials, projects can reduce the demand for new materials, conserve natural resources, save energy, and lower greenhouse gas emissions.Salvaged materials can be counted as part of the total waste diverted from disposal, as long as they are not counted for the Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction credit1.

References:

• Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction v4 – Pages 263-2642
• LEED Certification and Sustainable Construction Waste Management3

The Location and Transportation Credit, Bicycle Facilities, requires the project team to provide a vicinity map that shows the bicycle network, the route and the distance along the network to eligible destination(s) for all LEED Building Design and Construction projects. The vicinity map is a supporting material that demonstrates that the project site is within a 200-yard (180-meter) walking distance of a bicycle network that connects to at least one of the following: diverse uses, public transportation, recreation facilities, or schools1. The vicinity map must also show the scale and the north arrow, and indicate the project site and the eligible destination(s)2. The photographs of bicycle network signage and directional signposts, the photographs of the installed bicycle storage and shower facilities, and the manufacturer specifications for the chosen bicycle storage facilities are not required for the bicycle network, but for the bicycle storage and shower facilities.

References:

•LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Location and Transportation Credit: Bicycle Facilities, page 1281

•LEED v4.1 Bicycle Storage Requirements

For the building to receive one point for Location and Transportation Credit, Green Vehicles, the rate for green vehicles must be 80% less than the regular parking rate.Therefore, if the discounted parking rate is $450 per month, the rate for green vehicles must be $90 per month (20% of $450).References: LEED AP Building Design + Construction (LEED AP BD+C) V4 resources1

Peak-hour is a term used to describe the time period when the traffic noise is highest, usually during morning and evening rush hours. Peak-hour noise level is measured by the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq), which is an energy-average of the noise level over a specified sample time. For minimum acoustic performance, LEED requires projects to implement acoustic treatment and other measures to minimize noise intrusion from exterior sources for high-noise sites (peak-hour Leq above 60 dBA during school hours).

References:

• LEED BD+C: Schools v4 - LEED v4 Minimum acoustic performance
• Schools-NC-v4 EQp3: Minimum acoustic performance | LEEDuser
• Schools-NC-v4.1 EQp3: Minimum acoustic performance | LEEDuser

According to the LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, the Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisite, Fundamental Commissioning and Verification, requires the project to hire a Commissioning Authority (CxA) to oversee the commissioning process for the mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and renewable energy systems and assemblies. The CxA must have documented commissioning authority experience in at least two building projects, and must not be an employee of the design or construction firms, although they may be contracted through them.The CxA must report the results, findings, and recommendations directly to the owner1.

One of the required responsibilities for the CxA to achieve the prerequisite is to verify installation and performance of the commissioned systems.This includes conducting siteobservations and spot-checking of equipment installation, performing functional performance testing of the systems, verifying system performance by reviewing testing and balancing reports, and preparing a summary commissioning report of the activities and results1.

The other choices are not required responsibilities for the CxA to achieve the prerequisite, but they are additional responsibilities for the CxA to achieve the Energy and Atmosphere Credit, Enhanced Commissioning, which goes beyond the prerequisite by including more systems, more verification activities, and more documentation.These additional responsibilities are2:

• Verify that training requirements are completed. This includes reviewing training plans, agendas, and materials, and verifying that the training delivery and documentation are completed and consistent with the owner’s project requirements (OPR).
• Develop systems manual for the commissioned systems. This includes compiling and reviewing the systems manual that provides the necessary information for operating and maintaining the commissioned systems.
• Review contractor submittals for the commissioned systems. This includes reviewing the design intent and basis of design documentation, and providing feedback on the contractor submittals related to the commissioned systems, such as shop drawings, product data, and samples.

References: LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisite, Fundamental Commissioning and Verification, Requirements1; LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, Energy and Atmosphere Credit, Enhanced Commissioning, Requirements2

The Sustainable Sites Credit, Light Pollution Reduction aims to minimize the adverse effects of artificial lighting on the night sky, human health, and wildlife1. However, the credit does not apply to lighting that is required for safety, security, or emergency purposes2. According to the LEED Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, lighting for theatrical performances is considered an emergency purpose and is exempt from the credit requirements3. Therefore, the LEED AP should inform the owner that the LED fixture is exempt from Sustainable Sites Credit, Light Pollution Reduction and does not need to be modified or compared to an alternative. Enclosing the performance areas would not reduce light pollution, but rather increase energy consumption and affect the outdoor experience. Calculating the return on investment over the 20-year life of the project is irrelevant to the credit and would not help achieve it.

References:

• Light Pollution Reduction
• Light Pollution Reduction: Sustainable Site Credit for LEED Existing Building O+M
• [LEED Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction v4], page 581

Data centers is the only LEED BD+C rating system that mandates a preliminary LEED meeting with the principal members of the project team to create a LEED action plan that includes the anticipated certification tier, targeted credits and parties responsible for each credit. This is because data centers have unique design and operational characteristics that require a more integrative and customized approach to achieve LEED certification.The preliminary LEED meeting is intended to facilitate early goal setting, alignment, and communication among the project team members12.References: LEED BD+C Reference Guide, Data Centers, page 91;LEED v4.1 BD+C: Data Centers

According to the LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, the Location and Transportation Credit, Bicycle Facilities has two options: Option 1. Bicycle Network and Storage and Option 2. Reduced Parking Footprint. Option 1 requires the project to provide short-term bicycle storage for at least 2.5% of all peak visitors, and long-term bicycle storage for at least 5% of all regular building occupants. Short-term bicycle storage must be within 100 ft (30 m) walking distance of any main entrance, and long-term bicycle storage must be within 300 ft (90 m) walking or bicycling distance of any functional entry. Option 2 requires the project to provide short-term bicycle storage for at least 2.5% of all peak visitors, and long-term bicycle storage for at least 5% of all regular building occupants, and also reduce the total parking capacity by at least 20% from the base ratios.Both options can earn one point under this credit1.

If a commercial building is considered to have 100 peak visitors in a day, the minimum number of short-term bicycle storage spaces that must be provided to earn one point under Option 1 or Option 2 is 2.5% of 100, which is 2.5, rounded up to 3. However, the project must also provide long-term bicycle storage for at least 5% of all regular building occupants, which is not given in the question.Therefore, the correct answer is C, five, which is the minimum number of short-term bicycle storage spaces that must be provided to earn one point under Option 1 or Option 2, regardless of the number of regular building occupants.References: LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, Location and Transportation Credit, Bicycle Facilities, Requirements1

According to the LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, the discovery phase of energy-related systems should identify ventilation rates, along withother factors such as building orientation, envelope attributes, lighting levels, plug and process loads, and programmatic and operational parameters1.These factors should be used to create a preliminary “simple box” energy model to evaluate the energy performance of the building and explore potential strategies to reduce energy use1. The other options are not relevant for the discovery phase of energy-related systems.Functional performance tests are part of the implementation phase1.Thermal comfort ranges are related to indoor environmental quality2.Transportation options are related to sustainable sites3.References: IP Credit Integrative Process, LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction4123

A benefit of earning Regional Priority credits is that the LEED project can achieve more sustainable outcomes by recognizing the issues that are a priority in the project’s location.Regional Priority credits are not new LEED credits, but instead are existing credits that USGBC regional councils and chapters have designated as being particularly important for their areas1. The incentive to achieve the credits is in the form of a bonus point.If an RP base credit is earned, then a bonus point is awarded to the project’s total points1.This way, the project can address the geographically specific environmental, social equity and public health priorities of its location2.References:

• Regional priority credit lookup | U.S. Green Building Council
• Regional Priority (RP) credits – U.S. Green Building Council

Source control is one of the control measures recommended by the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA) for the Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan. Source control means minimizing the generation and emission of indoor air pollutants from the construction activities and materials. Some examples of source control are1:

•Using low-emitting adhesives, sealants, paints, coatings, and flooring systems that comply with the VOC limits of the applicable LEED credit.

•Storing absorptive materials in a protected area and covering them with plastic sheeting to prevent moisture and mold growth.

•Scheduling the installation of finish materials after the completion of wet and dusty work, such as concrete pouring, drywall sanding, and painting.

•Isolating work areas where high levels of contaminants are generated or used, such as welding, cutting, grinding, and solvent cleaning, and providing adequate ventilation and exhaust.

•Prohibiting smoking, eating, and drinking in the work areas, and providing designated areas for these activities.

References:

•Construction indoor air quality management plan | U.S. Green Building Council1

According to the LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Option 2 of the Sourcing of Raw Materials credit requires using products that meet at least one of the responsible extraction criteria for at least 25%, by cost, of the total value of permanently installed building products in the project1. Therefore, for a project with a material cost of $100,000, the minimum material value needed to achieve this option is 25% of $100,000, which is $25,000.

According to the LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, the Sustainable Sites Credit, Open Space requires the project to provide outdoor space greater than or equal to 30% of the total site area (including building footprint). At least 25% of that outdoor space must be vegetated, have overhead vegetated canopy, or be a water body. Option A does not qualify as outdoor space, Option B is not vegetated or a water body, and Option C only applies to projects with a FAR of less than 1.0. Option D meets the requirements for both outdoor space and vegetation, and also contributes to the protection or restoration of habitat1. References: LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, Sustainable Sites Credit, Open Space, Requirements1

The Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR) is a document that defines the goals, expectations, and performance criteria of the project, as established by the owner or the owner’s representative1. The OPR is one of the key deliverables of the commissioning process and serves as the basis for the design, construction, and operation of the building systems. Therefore, the priority for the Commissioning Authority (CxA) to consider when the contractor substitutes a higher efficiency piece of equipment is whether the substitution meets or exceeds the OPR. The CxA should verify that the new equipment is compatible with the OPR and does not compromise the performance, functionality, or reliability of the system. The CxA should also communicate the substitution to the owner and the design team and document the change in the commissioning plan and report.

References:

• LEED Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction v4
• The Role of a Commissioning Agent (CxA) - cxplanner.com
• Commissioning Authority | WBDG - Whole Building Design Guide
• General Commissioning Requirements - Northwestern University

The Materials and Resources Credit, Construction and Demolition Waste Management aims to reduce the amount of construction and demolition waste disposed of in landfills and incineration facilities by recovering, reusing, and recycling materials. According to the LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, one of the options to achieve this credit is to divert at least 50% of the total construction and demolition material from disposal and recycle or salvage at least three material streams1. Therefore, salvaging and recycling 50% of the existing materials (based on volume) generated during site demolition for three material streams would contribute to earning this credit. The other options are not related to this credit, but to other credits or prerequisites, such as Sustainable Sites Prerequisite: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention1, Materials and Resources Prerequisite: Storage and Collection of Recyclables1, and Materials and Resources Credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Sourcing of Raw Materials1.

References:

•LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Materials and Resources Credit: Construction and Demolition Waste Management, page 5481

•LEED v4 Construction and Demolition Waste

Adding a concrete walkway will increase the site’s impervious cover, which is the percentage of the site area that does not allow water to infiltrate into the ground1. Impervious cover can affect the site’s stormwater management, heat island effect, and habitat quality.The project team should consider using permeable paving materials, vegetated roofs, or rain gardens to reduce the impervious cover and mitigate its impacts2. The other options are not directly impacted by adding a concrete walkway.Project density calculations are based on the floor area ratio and the number of occupants, not the site features3.Erosion and sediment control plan during construction is required for any site disturbance, regardless of the type of material used4.Air quality as a result of off gassing that occurs as concrete cures is not a significant issue for outdoor applications, and can be minimized by using low-emitting concrete products5.

This rating system is suitable for projects where the developer controls the design and construction of the entire core and shell base building, but has no control over the design and construction of the tenant fit-out. Since the building will have a data center and retail stores in the future, but these are not the primary function of the entire building, LEED BD+C: Core & Shell is more appropriate than LEED BD+C: Data Centers or LEED BD+C: Retail.

References: = LEED rating system selection guidance, LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide

This option requires the project team to calculate the weighted daily average of the number of trips per day for each qualifying route, using the formula provided in the LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide. This option ensures that the transit service frequency is accurately represented and meets the minimum thresholds for weekday and weekend trips, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 of the guide.

References: = [LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide], Access to Quality Transit.

New Construction is the appropriate rating system for a new mixed-use building with 300,000 ft2 (27 871 m2) of residential units, 150,000 ft2 (13 935 m2) hotel and 50,000 ft2 (4 645 m2) of retail space.According to the LEED rating system selection guidance1,the New Construction rating system applies to buildings that are being newly constructed or going through a major renovation, and that include any of the following use types: office, retail, hospitality, education, residential, warehouse and distribution centers, or data centers2.The New Construction rating system can also be used for mixed-use buildings that have more than one use type3. Since the project involves new construction of a mixed-use building with residential, hospitality, and retail uses, the New Construction rating system is the most suitable option. The other rating systems are not applicable because they are either specific to one use type (Retail and Hospitality) or to buildings that are not complete at the time of certification (Core and Shell Development).References:

• LEED rating system selection guidance | U.S. Green Building Council
• LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide - U.S. Green Building Council
• LEED v4 Rating Systems | USGBC-LI

To achieve the maximum number of Energy and Atmosphere points, the project team must include an energy modeler and a commissioning agent.The energy modeler is responsible for performing the whole-building energy simulation that demonstrates the energy performance improvement over the baseline building, which is required for Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisite 2 and Credit 11.The commissioning agent is responsible for verifying that the building’s energy systems are installed, calibrated, and perform according to the owner’s project requirements, basis of design, and construction documents, which is required for Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisite 1 and Credit 31.The commissioning agent also ensures that the renewable energy systems are properly integrated and functioning2. The contractor and the construction manager are not directly involved in the energy modeling or commissioning process, although they must follow the design specifications and coordinate with the commissioning agent. The facilities manager is not required for achieving the Energy and Atmosphere points, although they may benefit from the training and documentation provided by the commissioning agent.References:

• LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction, p.361
• Understanding Integrative Design in LEED v4, p.92

The best practice for using alternative water sources is to target the uses that require the least treatment first, such as irrigation, toilet flushing, and cooling tower makeup. This reduces the energy and cost associated with treating water to higher standards than necessary. Matching uses by location is not a requirement, nor is treating all alternative water sources to potable water standards.A project may use more than one alternative water source as long as they meet the applicable codes and standards.References: WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction, WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction, WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use1

This strategy could be submitted to earn an Innovation in Design credit because it addresses a green building topic not covered by any existing LEED credit. The air-purifying facade material is a novel and sustainable feature that can reduce the environmental impact of the building by removing pollutants from the air and improving the outdoor air quality1.

References: = LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, Air-purifying facade material.

According to the Integrative Process Credit, Integrative Process, the goal-setting workshop should identify targeted LEED credits. This is because the goal-setting workshop is a meeting that involves the project owner and key project team members to establish the project’s sustainability goals, design objectives, and performance targets. One of the outcomes of the workshop is to identify the LEED credits that are relevant and achievable for the project, based on the project scope, budget, schedule, and site conditions. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. The other options are not the objectives of the goal-setting workshop. Potential project sites (option A) are usually determined before the goal-setting workshop, as they affect the project’s feasibility and design. Expected water demand (option C) and expected energy demand (option D) are not identified in the goal-setting workshop, but rather in the preliminary water budget and the preliminary energy modeling, which are part of the analysis phase that follows the goal-setting workshop.For more information on the Integrative Process Credit, Integrative Process, you can refer to the LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction1or the Projectific blog post on LEED Integrative Process Credit Explained2.

The best answer is C. native vegetation. This is because:

•Native vegetation is adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, and therefore requires less water than non-native plants1.

•Native vegetation also supports local biodiversity, reduces erosion, and enhances the aesthetic value of the landscape2.

•Potable water is not a good option for water-efficient landscape design, as it is a scarce and valuable resource that should be conserved for human consumption and hygiene3.

•Sprinkler systems are not a good option for water-efficient landscape design, as they can waste a lot of water through evaporation, runoff, and overspray4. Drip irrigation or micro-sprinklers are more efficient methods of watering plants.

•Permeable pavement is not a good option for water-efficient landscape design, as it is not a plant-based element, but a hardscape feature that allows water to infiltrate into the ground. Permeable pavement can reduce stormwater runoff and pollution, but it does not directly contribute to water conservation in the landscape.

References: 1: Water Efficient Landscaping Ideas: 5 Water Wise Tips 2: [Native Plants for Water Conservation] 3: [Water Conservation | US EPA] 4: [Sprinkler Irrigation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics] : [Drip Irrigation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics] : [Permeable Pavement - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics] : [Permeable Pavement Benefits and Costs]

A flexible dress code that permits seasonally appropriate clothing can promote both energy efficiency and thermal comfort in a building. This is because it allows occupants to adjust their clothing to the indoor and outdoor temperature variations, reducing the need for excessive heating or cooling. It also enhances the occupants’ satisfaction and productivity by allowing them to choose comfortable clothing. Surveying occupants about their comfort can help identify and address thermal comfort issues, but it does not necessarily improve energy efficiency. Providing individual space heaters can increase energy consumption and create thermal discomfort for other occupants. Turning off the lights after cleaning can save some energy, but it does not affect thermal comfort.

References:

•LEED v4 BD+C Reference Guide, page 4271

•LEED v4 Credit Tutorials: Energy & Atmosphere (BD+C/ID+C), EA Credit Optimize Energy Performance2

•LEED v4 Credit Tutorials: Indoor Environmental Quality (BD+C/ID+C), EQ Credit Thermal Comfort2

Coordinating open space features early during the site planning phase is a viable strategy for optimizing open space under Sustainable Sites Credit, Open Space. This can help to preserve natural habitats, reduce heat island effects, and enhance human health and well-being. The credit requires that the project provide outdoor space that is at least 30% of the total site area, and that at least 25% of that outdoor space meets certain criteria for vegetated, pervious, or shaded areas. References:

• LEED credit library: This is the USGBC’s comprehensive listing of all the LEED credits available in pursuing certification for your project. The credit library contains the requirements and guidance for each credit, as well as the web-based reference guide for the Building Design and Construction rating system.
• Open Space: This is the specific credit page for the Open Space credit under the Sustainable Sites category. It provides the intent, requirements, and strategies for achieving the credit, as well as the number of points available and the applicable project types.
• Step by Step Approach to Comply with the Open Space Credit in LEED v4: This is a blog post that explains the steps and calculations involved in complying with the Open Space credit. It also provides some examples and tips for optimizing open space design.

This option requires the project team to exclude public right-of-way areas, such as streets, sidewalks, and alleys, from the calculations of the surrounding existing density1. This option ensures that the density is measured based on the buildable land area, which is the area available for development or construction2.

References: = [LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide], Surrounding density and diverse uses.

A split review is an optional review process that allows project teams to submit the design and construction portions of their projects separately. This can help teams determine if the project is on track to achieve LEED certification at its preferred level, and identify any issues or clarifications needed before the final review. A split review also reduces the documentation burden and review time for the construction review12.

References: = Submitting a project for review, The LEED Submittal Process and Appeals

According to the LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, the owner or an owner’s representative must be a member of the integrated project team for the Integrative Process Prerequisite, Integrative Project Planning and Design.The owner or an owner’s representative is responsible for establishing the project’s vision, goals, budget,and schedule, as well as defining the owner’s project requirements (OPR) and participating in the design charrettes and reviews1.The owner or an owner’s representative also plays a key role in ensuring the continuity and alignment of the project’s performance and environmental objectives throughout all phases of the project1.

The other choices are not mandatory members of the integrated project team, although they may be involved in the integrative process depending on the project’s scope and needs.The general contractor is typically hired after the design phase and may not be involved in the predesign and schematic design analyses required by the prerequisite1.A LEED AP is a professional who has demonstrated knowledge and experience in applying the LEED rating system, but is not required to be part of the integrated project team, although it is recommended and rewarded by the LEED credit, Integrative Process1.The project’s mechanical engineer is one of the possible design consultants who may contribute to the integrative process, especially for the energy-related systems analysis, but is not required to be part of the integrated project team1.

References: LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, Integrative Process Prerequisite, Integrative Project Planning and Design, Requirements1

This option requires the project team to use the same building operating schedule and occupancy hours for both the baseline building and the proposed building in the whole building simulation model1. This option ensures that the energy savings are calculated based on the same level of building activity and occupancy, which are major factors that affect the energy performance of a building2.

References: = LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, [Whole Building Energy Simulation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics].

Revise the documentation and resubmit the form

If a project receives a review comment and technical advice on a prerequisite, it means that the documentation submitted was incomplete, inaccurate, or unclear, and that the project team needs to address the issues raised by the reviewer and provide additional information or clarification. The project team should revise the documentation and resubmit the form as part of the final review to demonstrate compliance with the prerequisite requirements. Abandoning meeting this prerequisite is not an option, as prerequisites are mandatory for LEED certification. Submitting an appeal to Green Business Certification Inc. is only applicable if the project team disagrees with the reviewer’s decision or interpretation, and has additional evidence or arguments to support their claim. Asking the General Contractor to be more aggressive with recycling goals is not relevant to this prerequisite, as it does not address the documentation issue.

References: As per the LEED AP Building Design + Construction (LEED AP BD+C) V4 resources, the Materials and Resources Prerequisite for Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning requires the project team to develop and implement a construction and demolition waste management plan that identifies at least five materials targeted for diversion from disposal in landfills and incinerators. The project team must also estimate a diversion rate for each material and describe how they will achieve it. The project team must submit this plan as part of the preliminary design review, along with a letter from the owner or project manager confirming that they will implement it during construction. If the reviewer finds any issues with the plan or the letter, they will provide a review comment and technical advice on how to improve it. The project team must then revise the documentation and resubmit it as part of the final design review, along with a narrative describing how they addressed the reviewer’s feedback. For more detailed information, you can refer to the web-based reference guide in the credit library atUSGBC’s official website.

The Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR) is the document that should be used to record the project goals to be used throughout the design of the project. The OPR is a written document that details the ideas, concepts, and criteria that are determined by the owner to be important to the success of the project1. The OPR is developed during the pre-design phase and is used as a basis for the design team to prepare the Basis of Design (BOD), which describes how the design of the building systems meets the OPR2. The OPR is also used to evaluate the design, construction, and commissioning of the project to ensure that the owner’s expectations are met3.

References:

•LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction, p. 63

•LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction, p. 64

•SECTION 018114 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS - LEED v4 BD+C, p. 5

Installing a bioretention area is an example of a low-impact development (LID) practice that can reduce runoff volume and improve water quality by replicating the natural hydrology and water balance of the site.This approach will contribute to maintaining compliance with Sustainable Sites Credit, Rainwater Management, which requires designing the site to retain the runoff from the developed site for at least the 80th percentile of rainfall events1.References:

• Credit: Rainwater management | U.S. Green Building Council
• Achieving SSc Rainwater Management in LEED v4.1

A pedestrian-oriented paving or turf area with physical site elements that accommodate outdoor social activities is necessary to satisfy the requirement for the outdoor space to be physically accessible when calculating the Sustainable Sites Credit, Open Space. This is because the outdoor space must be designed to encourage regular use by occupants and visitors1. A garden space dedicated to industrial food production for use by local communities may not be accessible to the building occupants and visitors2. A garden space with only one vegetation type and species during the summer for visual interest does not meet the requirement of having two or more types of vegetation or overhead vegetated canopy1. A dark paving area with site elements to encourage parking near wetlands or naturally designed ponds is not considered as pedestrian-oriented hardscape and may have negative impacts on the natural environment3.

References:

•Open Space, p. 1

•NC-v4 SSc3: Open space, p. 2

•LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction, p. 72

A sink in a hotel room bathroom is classified as a private lavatory faucet under Water Efficiency Credit, Indoor Water Use Reduction.According to the LEED v4 BD+C Reference Guide, a private lavatory faucet is defined as “a faucet that is not generally accessible and is used only by the building’s occupants and not by the public or visitors”1. A sink in an office restroom, a school classroom, or a shared office restroom are examples of public lavatory faucets, which have different baseline flow rates and requirements.References: LEED v4 BD+C Reference Guide, Water Efficiency Category, WEc Indoor Water Use Reduction, page 681.

Building Product Disclosure and Optimization is based on market transparency, which means providing information about the environmental and social impacts of the products and materials used in the building. The LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction states that "the intent of this credit category is to encourage the use of products and materials for which life-cycle information is available and that have environmentally, economically, and socially preferable life-cycle impacts"1. By disclosing the information about the product ingredients, environmental product declarations, sourcing of raw materials, and material ingredients optimization, the project team can make informed decisions and support the development of a more sustainable market.

References:

• LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Materials and Resources Credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Environmental Product Declarations, page 5462
• LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Materials and Resources Credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Sourcing of Raw Materials, page 5502
• LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Materials and Resources Credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Material Ingredients, page 5542

This factor is included in the lamp lumen uplight calculation, because it represents the amount of light that is emitted downward by the fixture, which does not contribute to light pollution1. The lamp lumen uplight calculation is used to determine the percentage of total luminaire lumens emitted above horizontal, which must not exceed the maximum allowed values for each lighting zone2.

References: = [LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide], SSc6 step by step instructions - BuildingGreen.

Private lavatory faucets are eligible for a WaterSense label, provided they meet EPA’s specifications for water efficiency and performance, and are backed by independent, third-party certification. Tankless toilets, waterless urinals, and public lavatory faucets are not eligible for a WaterSense label because they are not included in the product categories that WaterSense covers. WaterSense currently labels products in the following categories: tank-type toilets, water-using urinals, private lavatory faucets, showerheads, irrigation controllers, spray sprinkler bodies, and pre-rinse spray valves.References:

• WaterSense Products | US EPA1
• The WaterSense Label | US EPA2
• Water Sense Labeling | LEEDuser3
• Labeled Faucet Questions | WaterSense | US EPA4
• What is the WaterSense Label and How Does it Apply?5

According to the LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, the 40/60 rule provides guidance for making a decision when several rating systems appear to be appropriate for a project. To use this rule, first assign a rating system to each square foot or square meter of the building, and then choose the most appropriate rating system based on the resulting percentages. The entire gross floor area of a LEED project must be certified under a single rating system and is subject to all prerequisites and attempted credits in that rating system, regardless of mixed construction or space usage type. If a rating system is appropriate for less than 40% of the gross floor area of a LEED project building or space, then that rating system should not be used. If a rating system is appropriate for more than 60% of the gross floor area of a LEED project building or space, then that rating system should be used.If an appropriate rating system falls between 40% and 60% of the gross floor area, project teams must independently assess their situation and decide which rating system is most applicable1.References: LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, LEED Rating System Selection Guidance1

The correct answer is D. Document total waste per building floor area.

According to the LEED v4.1 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Option 2 of the Construction and Demolition Waste Management credit requires projects to reduce the total construction waste generated by the project to less than 12.2 kilograms per square meter (2.5 pounds per square foot) of the building’s floor area1.This option rewards projects for implementing waste prevention strategies, such as designing for material optimization, prefabrication, modular construction, deconstruction, and reuse1.To meet the requirements of this option, projects must document the total weight or volume of all construction waste generated by the project, excluding land-clearing debris and excavated soil, and divide it by the building’s floor area1.Projects must also provide a narrative describing the waste prevention measures taken during design and construction1.

Providing an educational program on the environmental and human health benefits of green building practices is a potential innovation strategy that is not addressed by any existing LEED credit. It also meets the criteria of being measurable, replicable, and having a positive impact on the project and the environment.References: LEED v4 BD+C Reference Guide, Innovation Category, INc1: Innovation, Option 1. Innovation (1 point), page 704.

The percentage of diverted waste for Materials and Resources Credit, Construction and Demolition Waste Management is calculated by dividing the total weight of diverted materials by the total weight of waste generated1. Diverted materials are those that are reused, recycled, salvaged, or donated2. In this case, the total weight of diverted materials is:

• 8 tons (7.3 tonnes) of recycled demolition steel and concrete
• 6 tons (5.4 tonnes) of used furniture donated to a non-profit organization
• 1 ton (0.9 tonnes) of removed carpet and ceiling tiles sent back to the manufacturer
• 40% of 3 tons (2.7 tonnes) of commingled scrap, which is 1.2 tons (1.1 tonnes)

The sum of these weights is 16.2 tons (14.7 tonnes). The total weight of waste generated is 20 tons (18.1 tonnes). Therefore, the percentage of diverted waste is:

(16.2 / 20) x 100 = 81%

However, the credit allows for a 10% adjustment for vegetative waste, which is not considered a building material3. Therefore, the percentage of diverted waste after adjustment is:

(81 - 10) = 71%

The closest answer option to this value is B. 75%.

References:

• Construction and Demolition Waste Management
• Construction Waste Management
• Construction and Demolition Waste Management - Canada Green Building Council

The distance between the project site and the manufacturing location is determined by the straight line distance. This is because the LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction states that the distance should be measured as the crow flies1. The straight line distance is the shortest distance between two points on a plane, regardless of the mode of transportation or the road conditions. The image that you sent shows the straight line distance between the project site and the manufacturing location as the line segment AB.

References:

• LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Materials and Resources Credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Sourcing of Raw Materials, page 551

Install an on-site photovoltaic array

Installing an on-site photovoltaic array is a direct method to produce renewable energy on the project site, which can be used to achieve points under the Energy Atmosphere Credit for Renewable Energy Production. Additionally, it contributes to optimizing energy performance by generating clean electricity on-site and reducing the need for energy from non-renewable sources.

References: As per the LEED AP Building Design + Construction (LEED AP BD+C) V4 resources, the installation of on-site renewable energy systems like photovoltaic arrays is encouraged to reduce environmental impacts and improve a building’s energy performance. This aligns with the goals of both the Renewable Energy Production and Optimize Energy Performance credits under the LEED rating system. For more detailed information, you can refer to the web-based reference guide in the credit library at USGBC’s official website.

Rainwater collected from the building roof would be the most appropriate nonpotable water source for use in a cooling tower. This is because rainwater is generally cleaner than other nonpotable sources and does not require extensive treatment before use.Additionally, using rainwater can help to reduce stormwater runoff, providing an additional environmental benefit.References: LEED AP Building Design + Construction (LEED AP BD+C) V4 resources1

Option 1 of the Innovation credit under LEED v4.1 BD+C rating system (Building Design and Construction) allows for achieving significant, measurable environmental performance using a strategy not addressed in the LEED green building rating system1. Implementing an employee engagement and education plan could be a unique strategy that promotes sustainability and environmental stewardship, which is not specifically addressed in the LEED rating system.

References:LEED (BD+C)- Innovation Credit: Innovation Option 1

A vegetated shading structure is an example of a nonroof measure for Sustainable Sites Credit, Heat Island Reduction. The heat island effect is the phenomenon of urban areas having higher air temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to the absorption and emission of heat by human-made surfaces, such as buildings, roads, and pavements. The heat island effect can have negative impacts on the environment, human health, and energy consumption. One of the strategies to reduce the heat island effect is to use nonroof measures that provide shade, reflectivity, or evapotranspiration for at least 50% of the site hardscape, such as parking lots, walkways, plazas, and courtyards1. A vegetated shading structure is a type of nonroof measure that consists of a trellis or pergola that supports climbing plants or vines that provide shade and cooling for the underlying surface. A vegetated shading structure can also enhance the aesthetic and ecological value of the site2.

The other options are not examples of nonroof measures for Sustainable Sites Credit, Heat Island Reduction. A playground with artificial turf is not a nonroof measure, but a roof measure, as it is considered as part of the building envelope. Artificial turf is also not a compliant roof measure, as it does not meet the minimum solar reflectance index (SRI) or vegetated roof requirements1. A shade structure with a three-year aged SRI value of 0.2 is not a compliant nonroof measure, as it does not meet the minimum SRI value of 29 for nonroof surfaces1. A paving material with a three-year aged SRI value of 0.2 is also not a compliant nonroof measure, as it does not meet the minimum SRI value of 29 for nonroof surfaces1.

References:

•LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Sustainable Sites Credit: Heat Island Reduction, page 1281

•Heat Island Reduction | U.S. Green Building Council2

This option requires the project to increase the breathing zone outdoor airflow by at least 20% above the minimum rates required by ASHRAE 62.1-2010. Therefore, the minimum design zone outdoor airflow is 0.120 CFM/ft2 x 1.2 = 0.144 CFM/ft2.

References: = [LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide], [Indoor Environmental Quality Credit: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies], [ASHRAE 62.1-2010 User’s Manual].

The renewable energy option is economically feasible if the present value of the utility cost savings over the lifetime of the system is greater than or equal to the present value of the higher initial cost of the system. This means that the system will pay for itself and generate net savings in the long run. The utility cost savings depend on the amount of energy produced by the solar thermal panel, the price of natural gas, and the inflation rate. The higher initial cost depends on the size, type, and installation of the solar thermal panel.

References:

• Solar Thermal: Complete Guide to the Pros, Cons and Costs
• Renewable Energy vs Natural Gas – How The Costs Stack Up
• Is Solar Cheaper Than Natural Gas? - PowerSouth Energy Cooperative
• LEED Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction v4

This option applies to projects that renovate an existing building that meets the definition of abandoned or blighted, and use new materials for at least 50% of the surface area. The project meets these criteria, as the warehouse is an existing building that is presumably abandoned or blighted, and the new construction will use new materials for 40% of the interior and some of the exterior. References: LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, Materials and Resources Credit, Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction, Option 4: Renovation of Abandoned or Blighted Building

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The commissioning process is a quality assurance process that ensures that the building systems perform as intended, based on the owner’s project requirements and the design team’s basis of design.The commissioning process can provide value to the project by improving energy efficiency, reducing operation and maintenance costs, enhancing occupant comfort and satisfaction, and reducing risks and liabilities123.References: LEED BD+C Reference Guide, Energy and Atmosphere, page 631; LEED BD+C Reference Guide, Enhanced Commissioning, page 661;LEED Building Commissioning: Why You Should Get Accredited

The credit that should be pursued when considering the regional context of frequent power supply grid fluctuations (brown-outs) is Energy and Atmosphere Credit, Demand Response. This credit encourages participation in demand response programs that reduce peak electricity demand and help stabilize the grid. It also provides an opportunity to earn regional priority points, which are bonus points for credits that address regional environmental issues. The other credits are not directly related to the regional context of brown-outs.

References:

•LEED v4 BD+C Reference Guide, page 4151

•Demand response | U.S. Green Building Council2

•Regional Priority (RP) credits – U.S. Green Building Council3

Healthcare projects are required to consider the perimeter floor area instead of the regularly occupied floor area under the Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Daylight calculations. This is because healthcare projects have different daylighting needs and challenges than other project types, and the perimeter area is more likely to have access to natural light and views. The perimeter floor area is defined as the regularly occupied spaces within 15 feet (4.5 meters) of the exterior wall that meets the minimum glazing requirements.References:

• LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction, p.6021
• LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction, p.362

Quality views are defined in LEED as those which consist of multiple elements of nature, weather, or movement that allow for a connection beyond the interior space. Views that allow a clear line of sight to the exterior via vision glazing, with a view factor of 3 or greater, qualify for this credit. Fixed glazing in common spaces can also contribute to this credit.

References: This information is a synthesis based on the criteria for 'Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Quality Views' from the LEED BD+C Reference Guide available on the USGBC website. For a detailed explanation, please refer to the specific credit requirements in the LEED BD+C Reference Guide.

The Materials and Resources Credit, Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Sourcing of Raw Materials rewards projects that use materials that have optimized extraction processes by limiting or eliminating the extraction of new resources, the reuse of materials or the use of recycled materials1. According to the LEED Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction2, the credit has two options: Option 1. Raw Material Source and Extraction Reporting and Option 2. Leadership Extraction Practices. Option 1 requires the project to use at least 20 permanently installed products from at least five different manufacturers that have publicly released a report from their raw material suppliers which include extraction locations, a commitment to long-term ecologically responsible land use, a commitment to reducing environmental harms from extraction and/or manufacturing processes, and a commitment to meeting applicable standards or programs voluntarily that address responsible sourcing criteria2. Option 2 requires the project to use products that meet at least one of the responsible sourcing criteria below for at least 25%, by cost, of the total value of permanently installed building products in the project:

• Extended producer responsibility. Products purchased from a manufacturer (producer) that participates in an extended producer responsibility program or is directly responsible for extended producer responsibility.
• Bio-based materials. Bio-based products must meet the Sustainable Agriculture Network’s Sustainable Agriculture Standard. Bio-based raw materials must be tested using ASTM Test Method D6866 and be legally harvested, as defined by the exporting and receiving country. Exclude hide products, such as leather and other animal skin material.
• Wood products. Wood products must be certified by the Forest Stewardship Council or USGBC-approved equivalent.
• Materials reuse. Reused products must include salvaged, refurbished, or reused products.
• Recycled content. Recycled content is the sum of postconsumer recycled content plus one-half the preconsumer recycled content, based on cost. Products meeting recycled content criteria are valued at 100% of their cost for the purposes of credit achievement calculation.
• USGBC approved program. Other USGBC approved programs meeting leadership extraction criteria.

Therefore, among the given options, only Option A is relevant to the use of reused/salvaged materials or recycled content, as they can contribute to the materials reuse or recycled content criteria under Option 2. Option B is a prerequisite that requires the project to develop and implement a construction and demolition waste management plan that identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and whether the materials will be sorted on-site or co-mingled2. Option C is a credit that requires the project to use at least 20 different permanently installed products from at least five different manufacturers that use any of the following programs to demonstrate the chemical inventory of the product to at least 0.1% (1000 ppm):

• Health Product Declaration. The end use product has a published, complete Health Product Declaration with full disclosure of known hazards in compliance with the Health Product Declaration Open Standard.
• Cradle to Cradle. The end use product has been certified at the Cradle to Cradle v2 Basic level or Cradle to Cradle v3 Bronze level.
• REACH Optimization. The end use product is compliant with REACH Optimization criteria.
• GreenScreen v1.2 Benchmark. The product’s chemical ingredients are inventoried using the GreenScreen v1.2 Benchmark.
• Declare. The Declare product label must indicate that all ingredients have been disclosed down to 1000 ppm.

Option D is a credit that requires the project to use at least 20 different permanently installed products that have environmental product declarations. The products must be sourced from at least five different manufacturers. The environmental product declarations must conform to ISO 14025, 14040, 14044, and EN 15804 or ISO 21930 and have at least a cradle-to-gate scope2.

References:

• LEED Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction v4
• Recycled content | U.S. Green Building Council
• CS-v4.1 MRc3: Sourcing of Raw Materials | LEEDuser
• How to choose the right materials for a LEED project? - GBCE

The Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies aims to establish better quality indoor air for the building occupants that promotes their comfort and well-being1. This credit requires the project team to implement several strategies to reduce the exposure of occupants and HVAC systems to environmental tobacco smoke, airborne contaminants, and chemicals1. One of the strategies is to design and construct all interior partitions to full height (deck-to-deck) or provide a hard-lid ceiling for spaces where hazardous gases or chemicals may be present or used2. This strategy helps prevent the migration of contaminants from one space to another through the plenum3. A copy room is an example of such a space, as it may contain printers, copiers, toners, and solvents that can emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) into the air4. Therefore, the project team can achieve Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies by providing a hard-lid ceiling for the copy room.

References:

• Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies
• Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies - Canada Green Building Council
• [LEED Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction v4], page 631
• Copy Rooms: A Source of Indoor Air Pollution

The outdoor airflow rate is the amount of outdoor air that is supplied to the building by the ventilation system to dilute indoor air pollutants and provide fresh air for the occupants. The outdoor airflow rate depends on the ventilation standard that the project follows, which can be either ASHRAE 62.1-2010 or CEN Standard EN 15251-20071. Both standards specify the minimum outdoor airflow rate per person and per unit area for different occupancy types and zones. Therefore, increasing the number of occupants will require an increase in the outdoor airflow rate to maintain the minimum ventilation level. The other variables, such as supply air velocity, system ventilation efficiency, and supply air temperature set point, do not directly affect the outdoor airflow rate, although they may influence the energy consumption and thermal comfort of the ventilation system.

References:

• LEED Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction v4
• Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance
• Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality - ASHRAE
• Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of … - CEN

This option requires the project to include all parking spaces that are outside the project boundary but are used by the project occupants, visitors, or customers in the calculations for the reduced parking footprint credit1. This option ensures that the project accounts for the total parking demand and supply associated with the project, regardless of the location of the parking spaces2.

References: = [LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide], NC-v4 LTc7: Reduced parking footprint | LEEDuser.

The rail line station construction completion date is needed when determining whether the rail line station can contribute to Location and Transportation Credit, Access to Quality Transit. This is because the credit requires that the transit service must be existing or planned to be in operation within two years of the project’s occupancy1. Discounted rail pass availability, connections to transfer routes, and passenger capacity are not relevant for this credit1.

References:

•Access to quality transit, p. 1

Pilot Credit registration is required when documenting a LEED Pilot credit. This is to ensure that the project team has access to the latest pilot credit language and requirements, and that USGBC can track the usage and feedback of the pilot credits. The other options are not required for documenting a pilot credit, although they may be helpful or applicable for other credits.References:LEED Pilot Credit Library, Getting Started, page 1.

According to the LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, the location of CO2 sensors in naturally ventilated spaces to comply with the Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisite, Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance is between 3 ft. and 6 ft. (1 m and 2 m) above the floor. This is one of the requirements for Option 2. Naturally Ventilated Spaces, which applies to projects that rely on natural ventilation for all or part of the occupied spaces.The CO2 sensors must be located in each zone with natural ventilation openings, and must be capable of generating an alarm when the CO2 concentration exceeds the design value1.

The other choices are not correct, because:

• At least 6 ft.(2 m) above the floor is the location of CO2 sensors in mechanically ventilated spaces, not naturally ventilated spaces1.
• At least 3 ft.(1 m) away from windows is a general guideline for locating CO2 sensors, but it does not specify the height above the floor2.
• On the ceiling 3 ft.(1 m) away from adjacent walls is not a recommended location for CO2 sensors, as it may not reflect the actual CO2 concentration at the breathing zone of the occupants2.

References: LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisite, Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance, Option 2.Naturally Ventilated Spaces, Requirements1; ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016, User’s Manual, Chapter 6, Section 6.2.72

This is the requirement for the Indoor Environmental Quality prerequisite Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control, which applies to all LEED BD+C rating systems. The intent is to prevent or minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces, and ventilation air distribution systems to environmental tobacco smoke. The no-smoking signage must explicitly state the 25 ft. (8 m) limitand communicate the no-smoking policy to occupants.

References: = [LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide], Indoor Environment Prerequisite: No Smoking within 25 Feet of Building, Non-smoking policy + signage. Message has links.

The Energy and Atmosphere Credit, Demand Response rewards projects that participate in demand response programs that aim to reduce peak electricity demand and shift the load to off-peak periods. The LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction states that "the intent of this credit is to increase participation in demand response technologies and programs that make energy generation and distribution systems more efficient, increase grid reliability, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions"1. The project team must either implement a permanent demand response program or develop a plan to implement a program within a year of occupancy. The project team must also demonstrate that the building has the capability to reduce its peak electricity demand by at least 10% in response to demand response signals.

References:

• LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, Energy and Atmosphere Credit: Demand Response, page 2721
• Demand response | U.S. Green Building Council2

Achieving a minimum of 10 cooling tower cycles by increasing the level of make-up water treatment is the way to obtain the maximum number of points for Water Efficiency Credit, Cooling Tower Water Use.This credit aims to conserve water used for cooling tower equipment by encouraging the use of non-potable water sources and increasing the cycles of concentration1.The cycles of concentration are the ratio of theconcentration of dissolved solids in the blowdown water to the concentration of dissolved solids in the make-up water2.Increasing the cycles of concentration reduces the amount of make-up water and blowdown water, and thus saves water and energy2. The credit has two options: Option 1. Non-potable Water Source (1 point) and Option 2. Cooling Tower Water Use (2 points).Option 1 requires using at least 50% non-potablewater for cooling tower make-up water1.Option 2 requires achieving a minimum number of cooling tower cycles based on the quality of the make-up water, as specified in Table 1 of the credit requirements1.The maximum number of cycles is 10, which can be achieved by increasing the level of make-up water treatment to meet the criteria for conductivity, silica, and alkalinity1. Therefore, Option 2 is the way to obtain the maximum number of points for this credit.References:

• Credit: Cooling tower water use | U.S. Green Building Council
• Cooling Tower Evaporation Credits | WaterSignal

To comply with Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Interior Lighting, Option 1. Lighting Control, the tenant of a new office building will require93 lighting control deviceswith at least three lighting levels per floor.This is because the credit requires that at least 90% of individual occupant spaces have lighting controls that enable occupants to adjust the lighting to suit their individual tasks and preferences1.The credit also requires that all shared multioccupant spaces have lighting controls that enable adjustments that meet the needs of the group1.According to the LEED BD+C Reference Guide, an individual occupant space is defined as an enclosed space or an open space that is occupied by one person and is at least 50 square feet (4.6 square meters) in area1.A shared multioccupant space is defined as an enclosed or open space that is occupied by more than one person and is at least 100 square feet (9.3 square meters) in area1.

Based on the given information, each workstation can be considered as an individual occupant space, and each bathroom facility and conference room can be considered as a shared multioccupant space. Therefore, the number of lighting control devices per floor can be calculated as follows:

• For the 100 workstations, 90% of them need lighting controls, which is 90 workstations. Each workstation needs one lighting control device, so the total number of lighting control devices for the workstations is 90.
• For the two bathroom facilities, each facility needs one lighting control device, so the total number of lighting control devices for the bathroom facilities is 2.
• For the one conference room, one lighting control device is needed, so the total number of lighting control devices for the conference room is 1.

The total number of lighting control devices per floor is then 90 + 2 + 1 =93.

References:Interior lighting

A condenser water system with a cooling tower and condenser water pumps is classified as a system composed of discrete pieces of equipment that can be metered together for the purposes of Energy and Atmosphere Credit, Advanced Energy Metering. This is because the condenser water system is a single energy end use that serves a specific function and can be isolated from other systems1. HVAC air system, electrical lighting system, and water flow system are not considered as single energy end uses, but rather as multiple energy end uses that serve different functions and cannot be easily isolated2.

References:

•LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction, p. 415

•Advanced Energy Metering, p. 2

A multiple-zone system is a system that has one or more air handlers supplying conditioned air to more than one zone. A zone is a space or group of spaces within a building with heating and cooling requirements that are sufficiently similar so that desired conditions (e.g., temperature) can be maintained throughout using a single controlling device. The ventilation rate procedure calculations must be based on the multiple-zone system configuration because the HVAC system in the question serves different zones with different ventilation requirements.References: LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, p.6881; ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010, Section 6.2.52