Salesforce PDI Salesforce Certified Platform Developer 1 (WI25) Exam Practice Test

The doWork method inserts an account for every iteration of the for loop, which runs from i = 0 to i <= 200, inclusive.

This results in 201 iterations, and hence 201 accounts are inserted into the org.

Explanation of Code Behavior:

The loop condition i <= 200 runs 201 times (0 to 200).

The insert acct; statement is executed 201 times.

References:

Apex Developer Guide - Loop Constructs

A record-triggered flow is the recommended tool for this scenario because it:

Can compare the Contact.MailingState field with the Preferred_Locations__c field on the Job__c record.

Automatically updates or calculates values whenever changes are made, keeping data in sync without requiring Apex code or custom development.

A roll-up summary field is the best practice for aggregating values (e.g., sum, count, or average) from child records in a master-detail relationship. This feature automatically calculates the sum of all Order Line item totals and displays it on the parent Order record.

Advantages of Lightning Web Components (LWC):

A. Rich component ecosystem:

LWCs have a modern, rich component library designed for modular and reusable development.

D. Self-contained and reusable units:

LWCs are designed to be modular, reusable, and self-contained, reducing duplication and enhancing maintainability.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Log capturing via Debug Logs Setup page: This is unrelated to LWC and is a debugging feature.

C. Built-in standard and custom set controllers: Relevant to Visualforce, not LWCs.

LWC Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc

References:

An External ID field is used to match data in Salesforce with data from external systems (like an on-premise SQL database). It allows for easy upserts and data integration without relying on Salesforce IDs.

Why not other options?

A: External objects are used for real-time integration with external systems but do not address data matching directly.

C: Formula fields are calculated fields and cannot be used for data matching.

D: Lookup fields are used for creating relationships between objects within Salesforce, not for matching external data.

The Apex Interactive Debugger allows developers to step through code execution in real time, which is the most effective way to identify the root cause of the duplication issue.

75% Code Coverage (A):To deploy Apex code to production, Salesforce requires at least 75% of the code to be covered by tests across the organization.

Upload the SVG file as a static resource in Salesforce.

Import it in the LWC JavaScript file and define it as a property.

Reference the property in the component’s HTML template.

Example:

import mySvg from '@salesforce/resourceUrl/mySvg';

export default class MyComponent extends LightningElement {

svgUrl = mySvg;

}

A master-detail relationship from Engineering_Support__c to Opportunity allows multiple child Engineering_Support__c records to be associated with a single parent Opportunity. It also enables roll-up summary fields to aggregate data from the child records onto the parent Opportunity.

Validation Rule Violations:

Salesforce automatically throws exceptions for validation rule violations during DML operations.

is used to display these errors to the user.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Controller attributes alone cannot handle validation messages.

B: A try/catch block does not address validation rule violations effectively.

D: Database.upsert() method is not related to validation error handling.

Apex Messages: <a href="https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.pages.meta/pages/pages_compref_messages.htm">https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.pages.meta/pages/pages_compref_messages.htm

References:

The @RestResource annotation exposes an Apex class as a RESTful web service. The urlMapping parameter defines the endpoint's URL.

Option B: Reusing event logic in the helper ensures cleaner and reusable code.

Option D: Handling low-level events in handlers and re-firing them as higher-level events allows for better abstraction and modularity.

Why Salesforce CLI?

The Salesforce CLI supports scripting for Continuous Integration (CI) pipelines, allowing automatic testing and deployment as part of the CI process.

Why Not Other Options?

B: Visual Studio Code is a development IDE, not a CI tool.

C: Force.com Toolkit is outdated and does not support CI processes.

D: Developer Console is for debugging and manual testing, not automation.

Salesforce CLI Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/tools/sfdxcli

References:

Global Access Modifier:

When building managed packages, methods and classes that need to be accessible outside the package namespace must be declared global.

Public restricts access to within the namespace.

Why Not Other Options?

B: Public limits access to within the namespace.

C and D: Mixing public and global incorrectly doesn't meet the requirement for external accessibility.

Managed Packages and Global Access: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_access_modifiers.htm

References:

Why Validation Rule?

Validation rules are efficient for enforcing field-level conditions without requiring Apex or Flow.

A formula can check if the user’s profile is not "Sales Manager" and if the Lost Reason field is blank when Status is set to "Closed Lost".

Why Not Other Options?

A: Triggers are more complex and unnecessary for this simple validation.

C: Record-triggered flows are less efficient for field validations compared to validation rules.

D: Approval processes do not handle this type of field-level restriction.

Validation Rule Documentation: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.fields_about_field_validation.htm

References:

A. Unify all three triggers in a single trigger on the Expense__c object that includes all events:

Salesforce best practices recommend having only one trigger per object to avoid redundancy and conflicts.

By combining all the events (before delete, before insert, and before update) into a single trigger, the developer can manage the logic in an organized and maintainable manner.

This also simplifies debugging and ensures that the trigger logic executes in a predictable order.

C. Create helper classes to execute the appropriate logic when a record is saved:

Using helper classes allows for a clean separation of concerns. The trigger becomes a dispatcher that delegates logic to dedicated classes.

For example, you can create methods like applyDefaultsToExpense(), validateExpenseUpdate(), and deleteExpense() in a helper class and invoke them from the trigger.

This improves reusability, readability, and testability of the code.

Why not the other options?

B. Unify the before insert and before update triggers and use Flow for the delete action:

While Flow is a powerful tool, it is not ideal for deleting records or replacing Apex trigger functionality, especially when triggers already exist for other events.

D. Maintain all three triggers on the Expense__c object but move the Apex logic out of the trigger definition:

Maintaining multiple triggers on the same object can lead to conflicts and execution order issues, even if the logic is moved to helper classes.

References:

Trigger Best Practices

Trigger Design Patterns

Apex Trigger (Option B):

An Apex trigger can be written on the Container__c object to prevent deletion unless the Status__c field value is "Decommissioned".

This allows custom logic to be executed during the deletion process.

Declarative customizations, such as workflows, process builder, validation rules, and flows, offer a no-code approach to customizing Salesforce. Below are the key benefits:

Declarative customizations automatically update with each Salesforce release (A):Salesforce ensures that declarative tools are automatically updated during new releases, eliminating the need for manual intervention or code refactoring.

Scratch orgs are created using the Salesforce CLI (sfdx force:org:create) as part of Salesforce DX. It is specifically designed for development and testing purposes.

Why not other options?

B: Sandbox refresh is used for creating sandboxes, not scratch orgs.

C: Developer Console is used for debugging and code development but cannot create scratch orgs.

D: Workbench is a tool for API testing and data manipulation, not for scratch org creation.

References:

Salesforce CLI and Scratch Orgs

Master-detail relationships allow roll-up summary fields to aggregate data from child records. If a roll-up summary field exists on the Account object, the relationship cannot be changed to a lookup because lookup relationships do not support roll-up fields.

Why not other options?

A: Null values in the Vendor records do not prevent the change.

C: Custom fields can have their types changed as long as dependencies like roll-up fields are not present.

D: Organization-wide defaults do not affect the ability to change relationships.

References:

Salesforce Master-Detail Relationships and Roll-Up Summary Fields

When multiple triggers are associated with the same object and event, Salesforce does not guarantee the order of execution. This is why it is a best practice to consolidate all logic into a single trigger per object and control execution order using helper classes.

In Apex, a class can extend a virtual class (similar to abstract classes in Java) by using the extends keyword. This allows the subclass (CustomerOrder) to inherit properties and methods from the parent virtual class (OrderRequest).

Why Developer Console?

The Developer Console provides tools to troubleshoot query performance, including the Query Plan tool.

The Query Plan tool evaluates SOQL query performance and provides insight into query costs and optimization.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Setup Menu: Used for administrative tasks, not performance troubleshooting.

B. Visual Studio Code IDE: Useful for development, but does not offer query performance tools.

C. AppExchange: Provides apps but does not directly help with query troubleshooting.

Query Plan Tool: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.220.0.salesforce_console.meta/salesforce_console/salesforce_console_query_plan.htm

References:

Throwing Exceptions in Apex:

throw new ExceptionType(); creates a new instance and throws it.

A: No argument constructor.

B: Constructor with a custom error message.

Why Not Other Options?

C and D: These create exception instances but do not throw them, which is not valid syntax for firing an exception.

Apex Exception Handling: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_exception_methods.htm

References:

A: A Flow can guide sales reps through a set of scripted steps and call an Apex action to interact with an external REST endpoint.

B: An Invocable method is used to make an Apex method callable from a Flow. This method can call the REST endpoint and return the data for display.

Why not other options?

C: Future methods are asynchronous and cannot return data to the user in real time.

D: Triggers are used for database events, not for guiding users through scripted processes or making REST calls.

References:

Invocable Methods in Flows

Why Prebuilt Components?

The Lightning Component Framework includes a library of prebuilt components, which developers can use to build applications faster.

Why Not Other Options?

A: The framework is exclusive to Lightning Experience, not Classic UI.

C: The framework does not provide templates but focuses on reusable components.

D: Extended governor limits are not provided by the framework.

Lightning Components Overview: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc

References:

To use an Apex interface within a class, the class must implement the interface using the implements keyword. This is the correct way to inherit behavior defined in an interface.

Example:

public class SilverLaptop implements Laptop {

// Implementation of the methods defined in the Laptop interface

}

Why not other options?

B: The extends keyword is used for inheriting from a class, not implementing an interface.

C: This syntax is incorrect and not supported in Apex.

D: This syntax is also incorrect as interfaces are not referenced with an @Interface annotation in Apex.

References:

Apex Interfaces Documentation

In Visualforce, to specify a standard controller for a custom object, the syntax is controller="ObjectName__c".

To add custom functionality, you can use an extensions attribute to include a controller extension.

Why not other options?

A: The correct syntax is controller, not standardController, for custom objects.

B and C: These are syntactically incorrect.

References:

Visualforce Pages Documentation

Option A: A screen-based flow is ideal for gathering multiple pieces of information from the user interactively. It provides a declarative way to guide the service agent through the process step-by-step.

Not Suitable:

Option B: An approval process is for routing records for approval, not for gathering user input.

Option C: Apex triggers are for automation, not for interactive user input.

Option D: A Lightning Component could work but requires custom development, which is less efficient than using flows.

Option C: Roll-up summary fields can cause triggers to fire again as they recalculate parent records.

Option D: After-save record-triggered flows can update records, which may fire triggers on those records.

The correct implementation of the CheckPaymentProcessor class must adhere to the PaymentProcessor interface. To accomplish this:

Use the implements keyword to signify that the CheckPaymentProcessor class is implementing the PaymentProcessor interface.

Define the pay method in the CheckPaymentProcessor class, as it is required by the PaymentProcessor interface.

The pay method must match the method signature defined in the PaymentProcessor interface (void pay(Decimal amount)).

Explanation of Option D:

It uses implements PaymentProcessor to correctly indicate that the class adheres to the interface.

The pay method is properly implemented with the required method signature and includes a placeholder for functional code.

Other Options:

Option A: The pay method is not implemented correctly (no method body).

Option B: Incorrect use of extends instead of implements (interfaces are implemented, not extended).

Option C: Same issue as Option B, with a slight variation in formatting.

When running a flow in debug mode, Salesforce rolls back any DML operations performed during the debugging process to ensure no data changes affect the org. This helps test and verify flow logic without impacting live data.

Why upsert?

The upsert statement inserts records that don’t exist and updates existing records based on the external ID (Order Number__c in this case).

Salesforce automatically recognizes and uses the external ID field for matching.

Why Not Other Options?

A and B: merge is for merging records, not for upserting.

C: Adding the field name after upsert is unnecessary, as Salesforce detects the external ID automatically.

Upsert Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/langCon_apex_dml_upsert.htm

References:

A: Using the order number as an external ID ensures Salesforce can identify and update existing records instead of creating duplicates during updates.

B: Ensuring the order number is unique in the OMS guarantees that there will not be multiple records in Salesforce corresponding to a single order.

Option A contains code that improperly handles user input, which may lead to a security vulnerability such as SOQL injection. To avoid this, always use bind variables when constructing queries.

Based on the provided code, an exception is likely being thrown if a required field is missing or if there are validation rules that the record does not meet. Salesforce will throw an exception when an attempt to create a record violates constraints.

Why not other options?

B: Salesforce reports errors for failed DML operations unless they are handled in a try-catch block.

C: The record cannot be created successfully if constraints are violated.

D: Debug logs may provide details, but the record creation would fail.

References:

Apex DML Exception Handling

The recordSetVar attribute of the tag allows a Visualforce page to handle multiple records, which is ideal for list buttons that display a page for bulk editing.

Why not other options?

A: Standard controllers can be extended, but using recordSetVar is the direct and best-supported method for this scenario.

B: There is no such concept as a "Custom List Controller" in Visualforce.

C: is not a valid Visualforce tag.

References:

Visualforce Standard Controller with RecordSetVar

Trigger.old in a before insert trigger:

The Trigger.old context variable contains the old version of the records being processed in the trigger.

In a before insert trigger, the records being processed are new and have no prior state in the database, so Trigger.old is null.

This behavior is specific to insert triggers because there is no "old" record to reference before the record is created.

Why is it null?

The Trigger.old variable is only populated for triggers that handle updates or deletions (e.g., before update, after update, before delete, after delete). For insert operations, no previous state of the record exists.

Why not the other options?

A. An empty list of sObjects:

This is incorrect because Trigger.old is not initialized as an empty list for insert triggers—it is simply null.

B. Undefined:

Trigger.old is defined in the trigger context, but it is null for insert operations. Undefined is not a valid Apex state.

D. A list of newly created sObjects without IDs:

This describes Trigger.new in a before insert trigger, not Trigger.old. Trigger.new contains the new records being inserted.

References:

Apex Triggers Documentation

Trigger Context Variables

B: Using partial DML statements (e.g., Database.insert(list, false)) allows only valid records to be committed while identifying invalid ones, avoiding runtime errors.

D: The Database.Savepoint method ensures transactional control by allowing rollback to a specific savepoint if an error occurs.

Why not other options?

A: The @ReadOnly annotation is for read-only operations and would not allow DML operations.

C: The System.Limit class helps monitor limits but does not directly control transaction behavior.

References:

Best Practices for Apex Transactions

Why Quick Actions?

Quick Actions allow developers to create prepopulated forms for creating or updating records.

They are a modern alternative to JavaScript buttons in Lightning Experience.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Validation rules enforce data integrity but do not create records.

B: Apex triggers automate processes but are not used for user-initiated actions.

C: Record-triggered flows execute automatically when records are created or updated, but they do not replace JavaScript buttons for user-initiated actions.

Quick Actions: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.quick_actions_create.htm

References:

B. Updates to FeedItem:

Triggers can fire when FeedItem records are updated, such as posts on records or Chatter updates.

C. Cascading delete operations:

When a parent record is deleted, cascading delete operations on related child records can trigger child object triggers.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Changing a user's default division does not fire triggers.

D: Renaming or replacing a picklist entry does not fire triggers.

Trigger Events: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_triggers_context_variables_considerations.htm

References:

Creating test classes ensures that the Apex class works according to specifications by validating the functionality under various scenarios and edge cases. Running tests in the Developer Console provides detailed feedback on whether the class meets requirements.

Why Queueable Class?

Queueable Apex supports callouts and allows chaining to process one record at a time efficiently.

The trigger detects when the Order__c status changes to "Placed" and enqueues the Queueable class to perform the callout.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Batchable class: Batch jobs are ideal for bulk processing but not suited for single REST callouts.

C. Flow with invocable method: Flows are less efficient and limited in handling callouts for large-scale operations.

D. @future method: While it supports asynchronous callouts, it does not allow chaining, making Queueable more suitable.

Queueable Apex: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_queueing_jobs.htm

References:

Correct Apex Method for Enhance Element:

The method invoked by an Enhance element in a Next Best Action strategy must return a value that can be used in decision-making (e.g., discount level).

The method signature must match the required inputs and outputs for the strategy.

Next Best Action Apex Integration: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.salesforce_nba.meta/salesforce_nba/

References:

Why Test.loadData()?

Simplifies test data creation by loading data from a CSV file stored as a static resource.

Ideal for testing specific field values in bulk.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Querying data from the org violates test isolation principles.

C: Anonymous Apex cannot be used within test classes.

D: JSON files in Documents are not supported by Test.loadData().

Test.loadData(): https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_testing_tools_load_data.htm

References:

Database.insert(records, false):

The Database.insert() method with the allOrNone parameter set to false allows for partial success.

If some records in the list fail due to validation rules, triggers, or other errors, the method will still attempt to insert the remaining valid records.

The false parameter ensures that records that fail will not roll back the transaction for the others.

Why not the other options?

A. Database.insert(records, true):

The true parameter makes the operation transactional (all or none). If any record fails, all records will roll back.

B. insert records:

The insert DML statement behaves like Database.insert(records, true) by default and rolls back all records if any error occurs.

C. insert(records, false):

This syntax is invalid in Apex.

References:

Apex DML Operations Documentation

Database Methods

To query related child records in a lookup or master-detail relationship:

Use the parent object (Gym__c) to retrieve its child records (Trainer__c) through a nested query.

The child relationship name (Trainers__r) is derived from the lookup field.

C. Update the PrimaryId__c field definition to mark it as an External Id:

Marking PrimaryId__c as an External Id allows Salesforce to use this field to match records during the data import process, streamlining the process of mapping CSV rows to existing Candidate__c records.

External Id fields are indexed and can be used in tools like Data Loader, Data Import Wizard, or API-based upserts to ensure that records are matched correctly based on the value of the external ID field.

In this case, since PrimaryId__c is unique, marking it as an external ID eliminates the need for custom triggers or flows.

Why this is the best solution?

This technique leverages built-in Salesforce capabilities (no need for custom code or automation).

It ensures accurate record matching and is the standard approach for data enrichment tasks involving unique identifiers.

Why not the other options?

A. Upload the CSV into a custom object related to Candidate__c:

This approach unnecessarily introduces another object, adding complexity. The goal is to update existing Candidate__c records, not store the data in a separate object.

B. Create a before insert trigger to correctly map the records:

Using triggers for this purpose is overengineering. Salesforce already provides tools like upsert for this exact use case. Writing a trigger would require additional effort and could introduce unintended errors or performance issues.

D. Create a before save flow to correctly map the records:

While flows are powerful, they are not the optimal solution for this use case. Data mapping is better handled using an external ID during import to ensure proper matching and updates.

References:

External IDs in Salesforce

Upsert with Data Loader

Unique and External ID Fields

A: Custom objects and fields are the fundamental building blocks of the database layer in Salesforce for creating and storing custom data.

C: Roll-up summary fields are a declarative feature used to perform calculations (e.g., sum, count) on child records and display the results on the parent record.

D: Relationships (e.g., master-detail, lookup) are essential for defining how data objects are related to each other.

Why not other options?

B: Triggers are a programmatic solution, which goes against the declarative-only requirement.

E: Flows are used for automation and logic, not for building the database layer.

References:

Salesforce Data Modeling

Why WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED?

Ensures field-level security and sharing rules are enforced in SOQL queries.

Prevents unauthorized records or fields from being accessed or displayed.

Why Not Other Options?

B and C: with sharing and inherited sharing enforce record-level access but do not handle field-level security.

D: without sharing ignores sharing rules, which would display all records regardless of user permissions.

Security in SOQL: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_with_security_enforced.htm

References:

 Lightning Component Quick Action (C):Using a Lightning component ensures the user can trigger the HTTP REST callout via a button click on the Opportunity detail page. This provides a seamless user interface experience in Lightning Experience.

Flow Builder:

Flow Builder can evaluate record criteria using a Decision element and then send an outbound message using the "Action" element.

Allows automation without Apex.

Approval Process:

Approval Processes can evaluate criteria and trigger outbound messages as one of the associated actions.

Why Not Other Options?

C. Entitlement Process: Focuses on managing entitlements, not triggering outbound messages.

D. Next Best Action: Used for recommendations and guided actions, not for triggering outbound messages.

Flow Builder Documentation: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=flow_overview.htm

Approval Process Documentation: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=approval_defining.htm

References:

Option A correctly uses a nested SOQL query to retrieve Contact records along with their related Job_Application__c records, filtering by Account.Industry. This approach is efficient and leverages Salesforce's relationship model.

The @TestVisible annotation allows private methods or variables to be accessed in test classes. This ensures that the private method can be adequately tested without changing its access modifier.

In the provided code snippet, the class myClass does not specify a sharing declaration (with sharing or without sharing). In Salesforce, when a class does not explicitly declare its sharing context, it defaults to without sharing. This means sharing rules are not enforced.