The conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A is carried out in:
Element found in the center of vitamin B12-cyanocobalamin:
Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
The effectiveness of VANCOMYCIN is seen ONLY in:
Which of the following amino acid is an important precursor of hemoglobin?
The blood volume of the average adult is approximately:
Purine may be the end product of:
Which of the following is the predominant intracellular element?
Beriberi is caused by deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
The Michaelis-Menten equation will appear first order:
Catabolism of carbohydrates is a process characterized by:
I- Consume of energy
II- Release stored energy from carbohydrates
III-Glycogenolysis is an example of carbohydrates catabolism reaction
Mercapturic acid derivatives in phase II metabolism can result from reactions of:
The most abundant metal ion in human body
Sucrose is a disaccharide formed from two molecules of monosaccharide:
Which of the following enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of DNA?
Correct statements regarding RNA messenger may include:
Goals of gout treatment may include:
I- Reduce inflammation during acute attacks
II- Accelerate renal excretion of uric acid
III- Reduce the conversion of purine to uric acid
Drug of choice in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may include:
The MOST well known characteristic symptom of asthma include:
Patient has a relevant increase in his asthma symptoms due to environmental allergies. He is currently having salbutamol and fluticasone inhalers. What would you advise as an adjunct medication to treat his symptoms?
Which of the following agents may cause pulmonary toxicity?
I Amiodarone
II Bleomycin
III Ramipril
Which financial statement could be used to determine the total value of prescription drug sales for a pharmacy during the course of a year?
Acarbose smooths and lowers:
Mechanisms of drug interactions with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA. include:
All are β2-agonists used as brochodilators in the treatment of bronchospasm, EXCEPT:
Structure-activity studies of cholinergic drugs indicate that:
I maximum activity is achieved when the quaternary nitrogen is three carbons removed from the ester oxo group.
II structures which display a quasi-ring conformation exhibit muscarinic activity.
III one methyl group of the trimethylammonium group can be replaced by an ethyl group with only slight loss of activity.
The Latin abbreviation for "before meals" is:
Which of the following antacids has cathartic side-effects?
Chronic progressive lower airway destruction causing reduced pulmonary inspiration and expiratory capacity is known as:
Erythromycin:
I is effective against gram-positive cocci.
II is a macrolide antibiotic.
III can increase gastrointestinal tract motility.
Which of the following drugs could be the cause of SM's complaints?
All of the following are pathophysiologic characteristics of asthma, EXCEPT:
All of the following are examples of quinolone antimicrobial agents, EXCEPT
Which of the following is considered a polyene antifungal agent?
Which of the following is one of the most common side effects of vancomycin?
Example of drug used in prophylaxis of malaria includes:
Indication of sodium valproate is:
Subclass of tolbutamide is:
Fluoroquinolone are anti-infective agents analogs of:
Example of drug(s) used in treatment of tuberculosis include:
I- Isoniazid
II- Rifampin
III- Ethambutol
Class of phenobarbital is:
Resistance is the major problem with penicillins due to ability of bacteria to breakdown the lactam ring of penicillin and inactivates the drug. To overcome these problem penicillins can be administrated together with β-lactamase inhibitors.
Examples of β-lactamase inhibitors is/are:
I- Clavulanic acid
II- Sulbactam
III- Tazobactam
Which of the following statements refers to atenolol?
All of the following penicillins are acid label penicillins, EXCEPT:
Mechanism of action of salbutamol is:
Which of the following agents may best treat Meningococcal encephalitis?
Mechanism of inhibit protein synthesis is characteristic of all the following antibiotics, EXCEPT:
The side effects of isoniazid are potentialized by deficiency of which vitamin?
Side effect of fluvastatin is:
Route of administration of ofloxacin is:
Class of nelfinavir is:
Indication of aspirin is:
Side effect of dipyridamole is:
Which of the following is not related to a drug toxicity of Prednisone?
Effect of bisacodyl is:
Mechanism of resistance of dicloxacillin is:
Indication of PTU is:
Mechanism of resistance of sufentanil is:
Which of the following causes the smallest change in solubility?
Mechanism of action of vancomycin is:
Mechanism of action of flunisolide is:
Mechanism of action of cefoxitin is:
Contraindication of sulfamethoxazole is: