IBM C1000-142 IBM Cloud Advocate v2 Exam Practice Test

Virtualization is a process that allows for more efficient utilization of physical computer hardware and is the foundation of cloud computing. Virtualization uses software to create an abstraction layer over computer hardware that allows the hardware elements of a single computer—processors, memory, storage and more—to be divided into multiple virtual computers, commonly called virtual machines (VMs). Each VM runs its own operating system (OS) and behaves like an independent computer, even though it is running on just a portion of the actual underlying computer hardware. Benefit of virtualization: Virtualization brings several benefits to data center operators and service providers: Resource efficiency: Before virtualization, each application server required its own dedicated physical CPU—IT staff would purchase and configure a separate server for each application they wanted to run. (IT preferred one application and one operating system (OS) per computer for reliability reasons.) Invariably, each physical server would be underused. In contrast, server virtualization lets you run several applications—each on its own VM with its own OS—on a single physical computer (typically an x86 server) without sacrificing reliability. This enables maximum utilization of the physical hardware’s computing capacity. Easier management: Replacing physical computers with software-defined VMs makes it easier to use and manage policies written in software. This allows you to create automated IT service management workflows. For example, automated deployment and configuration tools enable administrators to define collections of virtual machines and applications as services, in software templates. This means that they can install those services repeatedly and consistently without cumbersome, time-consuming. and error-prone manual setup. Admins can use virtualization security policies to mandate certain security configurations based on the role of the virtual machine. Policies can even increase resource efficiency by retiring unused virtual machines to save on space and computing power. Minimal downtime: OS and application crashes can cause downtime and disrupt user productivity. Admins can run multiple redundant virtual machines alongside each other and failover between them when problems arise. Running multiple redundant physical servers is more expensive. Faster provisioning: Buying, installing, and configuring hardware for each application is time-consuming. Provided that the hardware is already in place, provisioning virtual machines to run all your applications is significantly faster. You can even automate it using management software and build it into existing workflows. [Exam Tips]: You can expect few questions from Virtualization and benefits of virtualization.

DevOps is an approach to lean and agile software delivery that promotes closer collaboration between lines of business, development and IT operations.

Explanation

IBM Cloud® use Cloud Foundry as Open Source for PaaS .

IBM Cloud Internet Services provides reliability, performance, and security for Internet facing applications, websites, and services. One of the services Cloud Internet Services provides is a global load balancer. This service enables traffic to be distributed across multiple servers located in multiple regions. Using Cloudflare, Cloud Internet Services (CIS) provides Domain Name Service (DNS), Global Load Balancer (GLB), DDoS protection, Web Application Firewall (WAF), Transport Layer Security (TLS), Rate Limiting, Smart Routing, and Caching.

Containers are lightweight and portable executable units (images) of software. They supply portability between different platforms and clouds. Containers are self-contained units that are designed to hold applications as well as all libraries and dependencies that the application requires. Containers can be run on physical computers or in the cloud.

Containers do not have an operating system of their own. Instead, they access the operating system of the device they are running on using a hypervisor. This allows them to be more light-weight, easier to provision, and much smaller than traditional virtual machines.

Virtual machine is a virtual re-presentation of physical computer, you can understand it as a computer inside a computer. Each individual virtual machine behaves exactly as though it were its own computer. It has its own operating system, memory, storage, and compute and is totally unaware of other virtual machines that could be running on the same host.

How do containers differ from a traditional VM?

Traditional virtualization leverages a hypervisor to virtualize physical hardware. Each VM contains:

- A guest operating system (OS)

- A virtual copy of the hardware that the OS requires to run

- An application and its associated libraries and dependencies

- Containers, on the other hand, virtualize the operating system. Each container only contains:

- The application

- Its libraries

- Its dependencies

Application modernization : Application modernization is the process of taking existing legacy applications and modernizing their platform infrastructure, internal architecture, and/or feature. Application modernization is the process of migrating traditional applications to run in modern cloud environments.

Three transformational paths for application modernization are infrastructure, architectural and delivery.

The IBM Blockchain Platform uses Hyperledger Fabric, so when you use the IBM Blockchain Platform you're experiencing that core open source code that makes Hyperledger Fabric so secure.

IBM Cloud Backup is a full-featured, automated, agent-based backup and recovery system managed through the IBM Cloud Backup WebCC browser utility. Using multivault technologies, you can more securely back up your data between IBM Cloud servers in one or more IBM Cloud data centers, worldwide.

Explanation

Correct Answer : IBM Cloud® Virtual Private Endpoints (VPE) for VPC enables you to connect to supported IBM Cloud services from your VPC network by using the IP addresses of your choosing, allocated from a subnet within your VPC. In-Correct Answer : Service endpoints: Use service endpoints to securely connect to IBM Cloud services over the IBM Cloud private network. Traffic to and from service endpoints are subject to ACL and security group rules. Note : Similar to service endpoints, VPE for VPC provides private connectivity to IBM services, but within the VPC network of your choosing.

Infrastructure-as-a-Service, commonly referred to as simply “IaaS,” is a form of cloud computing that delivers fundamental compute, network, and storage resources to consumers on-demand, over the internet, and on a pay-as-you-go basis. IaaS enables end users to scale and shrink resources on an as-needed basis, reducing the need for high, up-front capital expenditures or unnecessary “owned” infrastructure, especially in the case of “spiky” workloads. In contrast to PaaS and SaaS (even newer computing models like containers and serverless), IaaS provides the lowest-level control of resources in the cloud.

IBM Cloud Site Reliability Engineers automate IT operations and improve system availability and reliability. They can help clients build a modern network operations center.

Key Enabling Technologies and Tools for a Cloud Native Solution:

Containers, Container orchestration systems (like Kubernetes), Serverless technologies (IBM Cloud Functions and IBM Code Engine), REST APIs, Messaging and event streaming.

Explanation

Pay-As-You-Go is created automatically when users register with IBM Cloud, receives basic support, and gives a $200 credit to use on IBM Cloud.

The goals of cloud native are to adopt design patterns, paradigms, and techniques that enable loosely coupled systems build around microservice architecture principles.

Cost Estimator Tool have ability to download an estimate as PDF , an .XSLX (Excel) or a .CSV (comma-separated values).

Correct Answer: Block storage stores data by breaking it into evenly sized blocks, which is written to disk. The data stored is highly available because each block is stored multiple times across different disks. Block storage is used for computing situations where users require fast, efficient, and reliable data storage Block storage can be deployed on a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) or classic environments.

Cloud computing means on-demand network access to shared resources. The main benefits of cloud computing is to provide faster time to market, Improved agility of applications. Selling un-used time slice of computing is the earliest implementation of cloud computing. [Exam Tips] : On-demand self-service is an essential characteristic of cloud computing.

Explanation

VMware vSphere is a streamlined and optimized ordering platform for VMware. With this platform, you can build your own IBM-hosted VMware environment by customizing and ordering the VMware-compatible hardware based on your selected VMware components.

Explanation

IBM Cloud® Pak for Business Automation provides tools to automate the implementation of business policies.

Explanation

Block storage, is used to store data files on Storage Area Networks (SANs) or cloud-based storage environments. It can be attached to compute instance. Block Storage normally mounted onto only one compute node at a time. With block storage, you specify the size of the storage and pay a fee based on the size you provisioned. Both endurance and performance options provide a range of storage sizes, and the only difference between them is how the Input/Output Operations per Second (IOPS) is delivered for a given storage volume. - Endurance provides pre-set IOPS tiers of 0.25, 2, 4, and 10 IOPS/GB. - Performance allows the user to set a custom level of IOPS beyond 10 IOPS/GB. Under the virtual private cloud (VPC), block storage does not have endurance or performance tiers. Instead, users can set pre-defined or choose custom IOPS when provisioning the storage. Use Cases : Block storage suitable for low latency workloads where consistently high speeds required. Features : - Offer volume size from 20 GB to 12 TB, - Provide encryption for data at rest - Provide IOPS upto 48,000 IOPS - Highly available and resilient.

IBM Watson Discovery is an award-winning AI-powered search technology that eliminates data silos and retrieves information buried inside enterprise data. It is an intelligent search service that delivers specific answers to questions while serving up an entire document for exploration.

Explanation

The NIST definition lists five essential characteristics of cloud computing: on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity or expansion, and measured service

Explanation

Cloud native refers less to where an application resides and more to how it is built and deployed. Most organizations using containerized microservices also use a container orchestration platform, such as kubernetes, to automate container deployment and management at scale. Cloud native applications are built to operate only in the cloud. Developers design cloud native applications to be scalable, platform agnostic, and comprised of microservices.

Explanation

The DevOps toolchain tools build, deploy, and manage apps that make development and operations repeatable and easier to manage. A continuous delivery service is required before an IBM Cloud Toolchain can be executed. Toolchains are a set of tools that are used to automate the process of building, deploying, and manage applications. You can create toolchains from a variety of sources including other IBM Cloud services, third-party software, and open-source tools.

Explanation

Hybrid cloud is simply the combination of public and private cloud environments working together to run your applications or workloads. Key tenets of all hybrid clouds: interoperability, scalability, portability, and security.

Question 31: 

Which statement is true regarding serverless computing?

A. Users are charged a low hourly rate during idle time for the serverless computing service

B. Implementations differ across service providers, and capabilities vary, including supported runtimes, authentication, scaling and monitoring

C. Serverless application are generally long-running (days or weeks) and maintain state or information across requests

D. Serverless is not well-suited for event processing or IOT

Answer: B

Explanation

Serverless computing is a cloud computing execution model that provisions computing resources on demand and offloads all responsibility for common infrastructure management tasks. They are auto-scalable so Its can handle extremely active traffic periods. Serverless computing does-not means there are no physical servers utilized, Of course there are servers, but we don't have to manage them, in background cloud provider manage( provisioning, scheduling, scaling, patching and more) for us, This gives developers more time to develop and optimize their front-end application code and business logic. And with serverless, customers never pay for idle capacity. They pay only for the resources required to run their applications, and only when those applications are running. Serverless is a polyglot environment, enabling developers to code in any language or framework - Java, Python, node.js - with which they're comfortable. Because serverless scales up and down on demand in response to workload, it offers significant cost savings for spiky workloads. But it does not offer the same savings for workloads characterized by predictable, steady or long-running processes; in these cases a traditional server environment might be simpler and more cost-effective. Serverless Implementations differ across service providers, and capabilities vary, including supported runtimes, authentication, scaling and monitoring. Serverless architectures are well-suited for event-driven, IOT and stream-processing workloads most notably open source Apache Kafka event streaming platform. Benefits: - Pay only for the time for our code will run. - Developer don't have to take care of servers or infrastructure, Its maintain by cloud provider, so they can focus more in development and business logic. - API Management & Integrated event sources. - Serverless scales up and down on demand in response to workload