Huawei H12-725_V4.0 HCIP-Security V4.0 Exam Exam Practice Test

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IKE (Internet Key Exchange) proposalincludes:

Encryption algorithm→ Ensures data confidentiality.

Authentication algorithm→ Verifies the identity of peers.

Encapsulation mode→ Defines whether IPsec operates intunnel mode or transport mode.

Why is C the correct answer?

Negotiation mode is not part of the IKE proposal; it is configured separately in the IKE policy.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IKE Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Flood attacks (DoS/DDoS) overwhelm network resources, preventing normal users from accessing services.

Correct answers:

A. Exhaust available bandwidth→ Large amounts of traffic saturate the network.

B. Exhaust server-side resources→ High CPU/memory usage causes server crashes.

D. Exhaust network device resources→ Firewalls, routers, and switches become overloaded.

Why is C incorrect?

Controlling host rights is related to hacking, not flooding attacks.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → DoS/DDoS Attack Prevention

Understanding 802.1X Authentication in Wired Networks:

802.1X is a port-based network access control (PNAC) protocolthat requires aLayer 2 connectionbetween thesupplicant (PC), the authenticator (switch), and the authentication server (e.g., RADIUS server).

In wired networks,802.1X authentication occurs at the Ethernet switch (Layer 2 device), which enforces authenticationbefore allowing network access.

Why Must the Network Be Layer 2?

802.1X authentication operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) before any IP-based communication (Layer 3) occurs.

If the authentication device and user terminal were on different Layer 3 networks, the authentication packets (EAPOL - Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN)would not be forwarded.

In the figure, the authentication control point is at theaggregation switch, which means thePC and switch must be in the same Layer 2 domain.

Components of 802.1X Authentication in the Figure:

Supplicant (PC)→ The device requesting network access.

Authenticator (Aggregation Switch)→ The switch controlling access to the network based on authentication results.

Authentication Server (iMaster NCE-Campus & AD Server)→ Verifies user credentials and grants or denies access.

Layer 2 Connectivity Requirement→ ThePC must be in the same Layer 2 networkas theAuthenticatorto communicate via EAPOL.

Why "TRUE" is the Correct Answer:

802.1X authentication is performed before IP addresses are assigned, meaning it can only operate in a Layer 2 network.

EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN) messages are not routableand must stay within a single Layer 2 broadcast domain.

In enterprise networks,VLAN-based 802.1X authentication is often used, where authenticated users are assigned to a specific VLAN.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ 802.1X Authentication in Enterprise Networks

Huawei iMaster NCE-Campus Documentation→ Authentication Control and NAC Deployment

IEEE 802.1X Standard Documentation→ Layer 2 Network Authentication

1️⃣Understanding the Scenario:

Enterprise A and Enterprise B communicate over the Internet through an IPsec tunnel.

Firewall A and Firewall B establish the tunnelto secure traffic between the enterprises.

The network includes aSource NAT device, meaning IP headers may be modified.

The goal is to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data transmission.

2️⃣Why ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)?

ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)provides:

Encryption (Confidentiality)→ Protects data from eavesdropping.

Integrity & Authentication→ Ensures data is not modified.

NAT Traversal Support→ Works through NAT devices, unlike AH (Authentication Header).

ESP is the preferred choice for VPN tunnels over the public Internet.

3️⃣Why Tunnel Mode?

Tunnel Mode encapsulates the entire original IP packet, including headers and payload,adding a new IP header.

Advantages of Tunnel Mode:

Protects both the data and the original IP addresses(important for communication over untrusted networks).

Used in site-to-site VPNswhere private network addresses need to be hidden.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ IPsec VPN Fundamentals

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ IPsec ESP vs. AH

RFC 4301 (Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol)→ ESP and Tunnel Mode Usage

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Authentication-free rules allow unauthenticated users to access essential services before login.

The following traffic must be allowed before authentication:

DNS traffic→ Users need to resolve domain names for the Portal page.

Portal page access→ The captive portal must be reachable.

RADIUS server communication→ Users must authenticate via RADIUS.

Why is this statement true?

Without these authentication-free rules, users would be unable to reach thePortal login page.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Portal Authentication-Free Rules

1️⃣Understanding HTTP Flood Attacks:

An HTTP flood attackis a type of DDoS attack where an attacker sendsa large number of HTTP requeststo a target server, overloading its resources.

Attackers often use botnets or spoofed IP addressesto send forged HTTP requests, making it difficult to differentiate between legitimate and malicious traffic.

2️⃣What is Happening in the Figure?

TheAnti-DDoS devicedetects an abnormally high number of HTTP requests from certain IPs.

Itchallenges suspicious clientsby requiring them to complete an authentication step (such as entering a verification code).

Legitimate users can pass the authentication and get whitelisted, while bots and attackers fail to respond and are blocked.

3️⃣Why is "Enhanced Mode" the Correct Answer?

Enhanced Modeis an advancedsource IP detection technologythat uses verificationcodes or JavaScript challenges to distinguish real users from bots.

Key features of Enhanced Mode:

Verification challenge(e.g., CAPTCHA, JavaScript check).

Whitelisting of verified usersto prevent further verification delays.

Blocks attack sources that fail to respond to verification.

In the figure, the systemprompts suspicious users to enter a verification codebefore allowing further access.

Attackers typicallydo not respond, while legitimate userscomplete the challenge and continue browsing normally.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ HTTP Flood Attack Protection

Huawei Anti-DDoS Solution Guide→ Source IP Detection Methods

Huawei WAF Documentation→ Enhanced Mode for Web Attack Mitigation

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Inbound bandwidth= Trafficenteringthe firewall.

Outbound bandwidth= Trafficleavingthe firewall.

Correct answer:

A. Private → Public traffic is controlled by outbound bandwidth.

Why are the other options incorrect?

Bis incorrect because public → private traffic is controlled byinbound bandwidth, not outbound.

Cis incorrect because inbound bandwidth does not apply to private → public traffic.

Dis incorrect because public → private traffic is controlled by inbound bandwidth.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Firewall Virtual System Bandwidth Control

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

SSL VPN authorization is role-based:

Role-based policiesdetermine user permissions.

IP-based access controlensures users connect from allowed networks.

Why are B and C incorrect?

SSL VPN does not authenticate based on MAC address or port number.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → SSL VPN Access Control

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Regular expressions (regex) are used in data filtering to detect patterns in traffic.

*b.d Explanation:

b→ The word must start with 'b'.

.* → Matches any number of characters (wildcard).

d→ The word must end with 'd'.

Testing the given words:

A. abroad (✔matches)→ Starts with "b" but does not end with "d".

B. beside (✔matches)→ Starts with "b" but does not end with "d".

C. boring (✔allowed)→ Doesnotstart with "b" and end with "d" (safe to post).

D. bad (❌blocked)→ Starts with "b" and ends with "d" (matches the regex).

Why is C correct?

"boring" does not match the regex pattern, so it is not blocked.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Regular Expressions in Data Filtering

What is IKE DPD (Dead Peer Detection)?

IKE DPD (Dead Peer Detection)is a mechanism used inIPsec VPNsto check if a remote VPN peer is still reachable.

It allows the firewall to detectlink failuresandautomatically tear down and re-establish IPsec tunnelswhen necessary.

Why is DPD required in this scenario?

The network uses an active/standby link setup:

IPsec Tunnel 1 (Active) → Uses Link 1 (GE0/0/1).

IPsec Tunnel 2 (Standby) → Uses Link 2 (GE0/0/2).

IfLink 1 fails, the firewall must detect the failure andtear down IPsec Tunnel 1before establishingIPsec Tunnel 2 over Link 2.

DPD detects unreachable peersand triggers a failover.

How does IKE DPD work?

DPD periodically sends probes (HELLO messages) to the remote VPN peer.

If no response is received within a timeout period, the firewall assumes the peer is down.

Thefirewall deletes the IPsec tunnel and switches to the backup link.

Why is the answer "dpd" (lowercase)?

The questionexplicitly asks for lowercase letters.

"dpd" (Dead Peer Detection) is the correct technical term in Huawei firewalls and networking standards.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ IPsec VPN High Availability & DPD

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ IKE Dead Peer Detection (DPD)

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Portal authentication requires active session monitoring.

User logout can be triggered by multiple methods:

A. Portal server logout→ The Portal system forcefully logs out a user.

B. Authentication server logout→ The authentication system revokes access.

C. User-initiated logout→ The user manually logs out via a Portal page.

D. Access device logout→ If the firewall detects inactivity, it can remove the session.

Why are all options correct?

Each method can trigger a user logout in Portal authentication.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Portal Authentication Logout Mechanisms

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

SYN scanning is a stealthy technique used to identify open ports on a target system without fully establishing a TCP connection.

How SYN scanning works:

The scanner sends aSYN packetto the target port.

The target responds based on the port state:

SYN-ACK → Port is open(Correct - D).

RST → Port is closed(Correct - A).

No response → The host does not exist, or a firewall is blocking it(Correct - B).

The scanner doesnot send an ACK(unlike a full TCP connection). Instead, it sends anRSTto avoid detection.

Why is C incorrect?

In SYN scanning, the scanner does NOT send an ACK to complete thehandshake. Instead, it sends an RST to abort the connection.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → SYN Scanning Techniques

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

DDoS defense mechanisms rely on threshold settingsto distinguish between normal and attack traffic.

Thresholds define:

Maximumallowedtraffic volume.

When exceeded, firewallstrigger mitigation actions(blocking, rate-limiting, etc.).

Why is this statement true?

Threshold-based detection is a fundamental part of DDoS mitigation.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → DDoS Attack Prevention Thresholds

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

SSL VPN remote access process includes:

User login→ User enters credentials on the virtual gateway.

User authentication→ Credentials are verified via RADIUS, LDAP, or local authentication.

Resource access→ The authenticated user accesses intranet resources.

Why is C incorrect?

SSL VPN does not perform "Access accounting"(which is used in RADIUS-based AAA systems).

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → SSL VPN Authentication Process

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System)is used toevaluate the severity of security vulnerabilities.

It consists of three metric groups:

A. Temporal→ Measures how the vulnerability changes over time.

B. Base→ Measures theinherent severityof the vulnerability.

C. Environmental→ Measures the impact based on the user's specific environment.

Why is D incorrect?

"Spatial" is not a part of the CVSS scoring system.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → CVSS and Risk Scoring

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Response actions for abnormal file identification in Huawei firewalls include:

A. Alert→ Logs the event but does not stop the file.

B. Block→ Prevents the file from being accessed or downloaded.

D. Delete→ Removes the malicious file before it reaches the user.

Why is C incorrect?

Allowing an identified abnormal file defeats the purpose of security enforcement.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → File Anomaly Detection & Response

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Heartbeat linksbetween firewalls ensuresynchronization and failover.

Layer 2 or Layer 3 configuration depends on deployment needs, but there isno strict 30% bandwidth rulefor Eth-Trunk heartbeat links.

Why is this statement false?

The30% threshold condition is incorrect.

Eth-Trunk heartbeat links aretypically Layer 3 for better failover and routing control.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Firewall High Availability Deployment

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Virtual system resource allocation can bemanual or shared.

Manual allocationrequires configuring aresource class, defining aquota, and binding it to a virtual system.

Why is D false?

Quota-based resources are not automatically allocated.

An administrator must defineresource quotas.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Virtual System Resource Allocation