HP HPE7-A02 Aruba Certified Network Security Professional Exam Exam Practice Test

What is Zero Trust Security?

Zero Trust Security is a security model that operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify."

It focuses on securing resources (data, applications, systems) and continuously verifying the identity and trust level of users and devices, regardless of whether they are inside or outside the network.

The primary aim is to reduce reliance on perimeter defenses and implement granular access controls to protect individual resources.

Analysis of Each Option

A. Companies must apply the same access controls to all users, regardless of identity:

Incorrect:

Zero Trust enforces dynamic and identity-based access controls, not the same static controls for everyone.

Users and devices are granted access based on their specific context, role, and trust level.

B. Companies that support remote workers cannot achieve zero trust security and must determine if the benefits outweigh the cost:

Incorrect:

Zero Trust is particularly effective for securing remote work environments by verifying and authenticating remote users and devices before granting access to resources.

The model is adaptable to hybrid and remote work scenarios, making this statement false.

C. Companies should focus on protecting their resources rather than on protecting the boundaries of their internal network:

Correct:

Zero Trust shifts the focus from perimeter security (traditional network boundaries) to protecting specific resources.

This includes implementing measures such as:

Micro-segmentation.

Continuous monitoring of user and device trust levels.

Dynamic access control policies.

The emphasis is on securing sensitive assets rather than assuming an internal network is inherently safe.

D. Companies can achieve zero trust security by strengthening their perimeter security to detect a wider range of threats:

Incorrect:

Zero Trust challenges the traditional reliance on perimeter defenses (firewalls, VPNs) as the sole security mechanism.

Strengthening perimeter security is not sufficient for Zero Trust, as this model assumes threats can already exist inside the network.

Final Explanation

Zero Trust Security emphasizes protecting resources at the granular level rather than relying on the traditional security perimeter, which makes C the most accurate description.

References

NIST Zero Trust Architecture Guide.

Zero Trust Principles and Implementation in Modern Networks by HPE Aruba.

"Never Trust, Always Verify" Framework Overview from Cybersecurity Best Practices.

To ensure that HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) responds correctly to Syslog messages from a Check Point firewall, you need to check that the Ingress Event Dictionaries for Check Point messages are enabled. These dictionaries are necessary for CPPM to properly interpret and respond to the Syslog messages received from the firewall.

1.Event Dictionaries: Ingress Event Dictionaries allow CPPM to understand the specific format and content of Syslog messages from various sources, such as Check Point firewalls.

2.Message Interpretation: Without these dictionaries enabled, CPPM may not correctly interpret the Syslog messages, leading to a failure in triggering the expected actions.

3.Configuration Check: Ensuring that the dictionaries are enabled is crucial for the proper functioning of the event service and accurate response to security events.

When WPA3 with 802.1X authentication is enforced on an HPE Aruba Networking WLAN, the authentication process strictly adheres to security standards. Here’s how the process works:

1. 802.1X Authentication Workflow in WPA3

The client must provide valid credentials (such as certificates or username/password) to authenticate with the RADIUS server via 802.1X.

If the client fails authentication (e.g., due to invalid credentials or lack of proper configuration), the 802.1X handshake fails, and the AP terminates the connection.

2. Role Assignment in WLANs

Default Role: The role assigned to authenticated clients after a successful 802.1X authentication. It is not applied to unauthenticated clients.

Critical Role: This is a fallback role applied when there are issues communicating with the RADIUS server, not when authentication fails.

Initial Role: A temporary role assigned to clients before authentication completes. However, this role is removed once the authentication process determines failure.

3. Behavior Upon Authentication Failure

In the case of an authentication failure, the client does not get assigned to any role (default, critical, or initial) because it does not meet the conditions for network access.

The client is dropped immediately, and no further communication is allowed until reauthentication is attempted.

Explanation of Each Option

A. The AP assigns the client to the WLAN's default role:

Incorrect: The default role applies only after successful authentication, not in case of authentication failure.

B. The AP drops the client because authentication aborts:

Correct: If the client fails authentication, the AP terminates the connection without assigning any roles.

C. The AP assigns the client to the WLAN's critical role:

Incorrect: The critical role is used when the AP cannot reach the RADIUS server, not when authentication fails.

D. The AP assigns the client to the WLAN's initial role:

Incorrect: The initial role is applied during the authentication process, but it is not retained after a failed authentication.

References

Aruba Central WLAN Configuration Guide.

WPA3 and 802.1X Authentication Best Practices in Aruba Networks.

Aruba AP Role Assignment Workflow Documentation.

Integration of CPDI and CPPM for Zero Trust:

CPDI (ClearPass Device Insight) identifies and profiles devices and applications on the network.

CPDI can tag devices based on their behavior or detected applications.

CPPM uses these tags to enforce policies, such as quarantining clients that violate security rules (e.g., using prohibited applications).

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect. CPPM does not inform CPDI about role assignments; CPDI provides device context to CPPM.

Option B: Correct. CPDI tags clients, and CPPM uses those tags to enforce quarantine or other Zero Trust actions.

Option C: Incorrect. Custom fingerprint definitions are not part of this integration.

Option D: Incorrect. CPDI provides information about devices, not user identities.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation

HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Device Insight (CPDI) uses machine learning to assign endpoints to clusters and provide classification recommendations. For CPDI to automatically classify endpoints, specific thresholds of confidence and supporting classified devices must be met.

The generally required thresholds are:

Minimum Confidence Level: Typically, CPDI requires a recommendation confidence level of at least 95%.

Minimum Supporting Devices: CPDI needs a cluster to include at least 10 classified devices to ensure the recommendation is statistically meaningful.

Analysis of Each Option:

A. 96% confidence with 13 classified devices: Meets both thresholds (confidence > 95% and ≥ 10 devices). CPDI will automatically classify endpoints in this scenario.

B. 98% confidence with 5 classified devices: Confidence level is sufficient, but the cluster lacks the minimum required 10 classified devices. Automatic classification does not occur.

C. 93% confidence with 36 classified devices: The confidence level is below the required 95%. Automatic classification does not occur.

D. 100% confidence with 4 classified devices: Confidence is ideal, but there are insufficient supporting classified devices. Automatic classification does not occur.

References

HPE Aruba ClearPass Device Insight Deployment Guide.

Aruba ClearPass Machine Learning and Device Classification Thresholds.

Rogue AP Containment Methods:

HPE Aruba Networking recommends using wireless deauthentication as the preferred method for rogue AP containment.

Deauthentication sends deauth frames to clients connected to rogue APs, causing them to disconnect. This method is effective without introducing unnecessary disruptions to the wired infrastructure.

Key Points:

Wireless Deauthentication is simple, efficient, and widely supported across client devices.

Tarpit Containment is more aggressive and may cause unintentional disruptions to legitimate clients.

Wired Containment involves blocking traffic at the switch level but is complex and may impact legitimate infrastructure traffic.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Wireless deauthentication is the recommended method as it targets rogue AP clients without excessive network impact.

Option B: Incorrect. Combining wireless tarpit and wired containment is overkill and not typically recommended.

Option C: Incorrect. Wireless tarpit can be effective but is generally not the first choice due to its aggressive nature.

Option D: Incorrect. Wired containment is more complex and reserved for specific use cases, not general recommendations.

802.1X and User Role Download:

AOS-CX switches use RADIUS attributes to dynamically download user roles from CPPM.

The HPE-User-Role VSA (Vendor-Specific Attribute) must be configured in the RADIUS enforcement profiles to specify which role the switch should apply.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect. Exporting roles in XML is not needed for dynamic role download.

Option B: Incorrect. Switches authenticate via RADIUS, not admin accounts with specific privileges.

Option C: Correct. RADIUS enforcement profiles must include the HPE-User-Role VSA to implement user role download.

Option D: Incorrect. TPM certificates are unrelated to RADIUS-based user role downloads.

When integrating ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) with ClearPass Device Insight (CPDI), it is important to understand how device profiling and classification work between the two solutions:

1. CPPM and CPDI Integration Overview

CPPM is primarily used for access control and policy enforcement, while CPDI specializes in device profiling and classification through advanced analytics and machine learning.

Integration allows CPPM to leverage CPDI's enhanced profiling capabilities for more accurate device identification and policy enforcement.

2. Detailed Analysis of Each Option

A. CPPM no longer supports any Device Profiler features and relies on CPDI for this profile information:

Incorrect: CPPM still supports its own basic device profiling features and can operate independently. However, when integrated with CPDI, CPPM can use CPDI’s advanced profiling capabilities as a supplement.

B. CPDI must be configured as an audit server on CPPM for the integration to be successful:

Incorrect: CPDI is not configured as an audit server on CPPM. Integration is achieved via API integration and communication between the two solutions, not through audit server settings.

C. CPDI must have security analysis disabled on it for the integration to be successful:

Incorrect: Security analysis does not need to be disabled for integration. In fact, CPDI’s security analysis enhances the classification process by identifying anomalous behaviors.

D. CPPM can submit profile information to CPDI, but if CPDI derives a different classification, CPDI takes precedence:

Correct:

CPPM and CPDI exchange profile data, but CPDI has more advanced device classification capabilities due to its machine learning-based engine.

When CPDI derives a different classification than CPPM, CPDI's classification is considered more accurate and takes precedence.

This ensures that policies are based on the most reliable device classification.

References

Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager and Device Insight Integration Guide.

ClearPass Device Profiling and Classification Documentation.

Best Practices for CPPM and CPDI Integration in Network Security.

To control which commands managers are allowed to execute on AOS-CX switches using ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) as a TACACS+ server, you must configure the Shell service in the TACACS+ enforcement profile. The Shell service provides the ability to define granular access controls for commands. It supports policy-driven command authorization, which is essential in controlling administrative tasks based on roles.

References

Official HPE Aruba ClearPass documentation on TACACS+ integration and command authorization.

Industry best practices for AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) configuration in network security architectures.

Hub-Spoke VPN Configuration:

HPE Aruba Central SD-WAN Orchestrator enables hub-spoke topology where branch gateways (BGWs) connect to VPN concentrators (VPNCs) located at data centers.

A key step in configuring this is defining which VPNCs the BGWs will prefer for connectivity.

The DC Preference List is configured in the BGW groups to prioritize the data centers to which BGWs connect.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect. VPN pools control IP allocation, not which branches connect to VPNCs.

Option B: Incorrect. IKE policies define key exchange mechanisms but are not part of the connection preference process.

Option C: Correct. Admins configure a DC preference list in BGW groups to determine connectivity priorities with VPNCs.

Option D: Incorrect. IPsec policies define encryption parameters at a global level, but this is not specific to the hub-spoke connection configuration.

To determine the VLAN settings for the "APs" role on AOS-CX switches, it is crucial to know whether the APs bridge or tunnel traffic on their SSIDs. If the APs are bridging traffic, the VLAN settings on the switch need to align with the VLANs used by the SSIDs. If the APs are tunneling traffic to a controller or gateway, the VLAN settings might differ as the traffic is encapsulated and forwarded through the tunnel. Understanding this aspect ensures that the VLAN configuration on the switches correctly supports the traffic forwarding method employed by the APs.

The benefit of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) is that it allows a device to query whether a single certificate is revoked or not. OCSP provides a real-time mechanism for checking the revocation status of an individual certificate, enabling devices to verify the validity of certificates quickly and efficiently.

1.Certificate Status Query: OCSP enables devices to send a query to an OCSP responder to check the revocation status of a specific certificate.

2.Real-Time Verification: This protocol offers real-time responses, ensuring that the most up-to-date status of the certificate is obtained.

3.Efficiency: OCSP is more efficient than downloading an entire Certificate Revocation List (CRL), as it only queries the status of one certificate at a time.

When using HPE Aruba Networking Central SD-WAN Orchestrator to establish a hub-spoke VPN between branch gateways (BGWs) and VPN concentrators (VPNCs) at multiple data centers, admins need to configure the BGWs' groups by selecting the VPNCs to which they should connect in a Data Center (DC) preference list. This configuration ensures that branch gateways are properly directed to the preferred VPN concentrators, optimizing the hub-spoke VPN topology.

1.DC Preference List: This list allows administrators to prioritize which data center VPNCs the BGWs should connect to, ensuring efficient routing and redundancy.

2.Hub-Spoke Configuration: Properly setting the DC preference list is essential for establishing the desired hub-spoke VPN architecture.

3.Optimized Connectivity: This setup helps in optimizing traffic flow and maintaining connectivity between branches and data centers.

When using HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Device Insight (CPDI) and you need to reclassify a device to a custom type and apply this classification to all devices with similar attributes, both already discovered and newly discovered, you should follow these steps:

1.Navigate to the device details in CPDI.

2.Select the option to reclassify the device.

3.Create a user rule based on the desired attributes of the device.

4.Choose the "Save & Reclassify" option.

This process ensures that the device is reclassified according to the new custom type and that the rule is applied to all existing and future devices with matching attributes, maintaining consistent classification across the network.

Why a Mirror Session Is the Correct Choice

To analyze a wired client’s traffic with Wireshark, you need the traffic mirrored to your management station where Wireshark is installed. The most effective way to achieve this is by configuring a mirror session on the AOS-CX switch, specifying the client port as the source and your management station as the destination.

Analysis of Each Option

A. Access the client's switch's CLI from your management station. Access the switch shell and run a TCP dump on the client port:

Incorrect:

AOS-CX switches do not natively support packet capture (e.g., tcpdump) directly on the switch CLI.

This approach is not feasible for capturing and analyzing live client traffic.

B. Go to the client's switch in HPE Aruba Networking Central. Use the "Security" page to run a packet capture:

Incorrect:

HPE Aruba Networking Central provides security insights but does not directly support initiating packet captures for detailed analysis.

Traffic analysis with tools like Wireshark requires local packet capture at the management station.

C. Set up a policy that implements a captive portal redirect to your management station. Apply that policy to the client's port:

Incorrect:

Captive portals are designed for user authentication and redirection, not traffic analysis.

This would disrupt the client’s network activity without enabling traffic analysis in Wireshark.

D. Set up a mirror session on the client's switch; set the client port as the source and your station IP address as the tunnel destination:

Correct:

Mirroring the client port to your management station is the standard method for analyzing live network traffic with Wireshark.

Steps include:

Configure a mirror session on the client’s AOS-CX switch.

Set the client’s port as the source.

Set your management station as the destination using its IP address (via GRE tunnel or physical interface).

Start capturing traffic with Wireshark on the management station.

Final Recommendation

To analyze the client's traffic, configure a mirror session on the switch, set the client port as the source, and direct the traffic to your management station where Wireshark is running.

References

AOS-CX Switch Port Mirroring Configuration Guide.

HPE Aruba Networking Central Monitoring and Troubleshooting Best Practices.

Wireshark Traffic Analysis and Capture Techniques.

A typical use case for using HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Onboard is to provision unmanaged devices to succeed at certificate-based 802.1X authentication. ClearPass Onboard allows users to securely configure their personal devices with the necessary certificates and network settings to authenticate on the network using 802.1X, which enhances security and simplifies the onboarding process for unmanaged devices.

1.Certificate-Based Authentication: ClearPass Onboard simplifies the process of issuing and installing certificates on unmanaged devices, ensuring they can authenticate securely using 802.1X.

2.User-Friendly Onboarding: The Onboard process is user-friendly, guiding users through the steps needed to configure their devices for network access.

3.Enhanced Security: By using certificates for authentication, the solution provides a higher level of security compared to traditional username/password methods.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation

The requirement is to permit HTTPS traffic from clients to the 10.2.12.0/24 subnet.

ZoneC is configured to drop all HTTPS traffic to the 10.2.0.0/16 subnet. Therefore, the first match in the zoneC class (priority 10) will drop the desired traffic.

To override this behavior, you must add a higher-priority rule (lower rule number) to zoneC that explicitly matches 10.2.12.0/24 and permits the traffic.

Thus, adding the rule 5 match any 10.2.12.0/24 eq https to zoneC ensures the desired traffic is permitted while maintaining the drop behavior for the rest of 10.2.0.0/16.

References

AOS-CX Role-Based Access Control documentation.

Understanding class priority and policy rule ordering in AOS-CX.

HPE Aruba Central Live Monitoring:

Aruba Central provides real-time Live Monitoring of network devices, including:

Application usage statistics.

Trends and changes over time for specific devices.

This information is presented in a clear and easy-to-read format, making it ideal for examining changes in application usage over different time ranges.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect. ClearPass OnGuard monitors endpoint compliance (e.g., antivirus, OS version) but does not analyze application usage.

Option B: Correct. Aruba Central's Live Monitoring page is specifically designed for this type of analysis.

Option C: Incorrect. ClearPass Insight generates endpoint security reports but does not track application usage.

Option D: Incorrect. ClearPass Device Insight (CPDI) focuses on device profiling and identification, not continuous application monitoring.

To assign managers to groups on the AOS-CX switch by name using HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) as a TACACS+ server, you should add the Aruba

service to the TACACS+ enforcement profile and set the Aruba-Admin-Role to the group name. This configuration ensures that the appropriate administrative roles are assigned to managers based on their group membership, allowing for role-based access control on the AOS-CX switches.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation

The configuration includes the command aaa authentication allow-fail-through, which specifies that if the TACACS+ server fails to respond (e.g., times out), the switch will proceed to the next authentication method in the sequence, which is local. In this scenario:

The switch first attempts to authenticate the user against the TACACS+ server.

When the TACACS+ server fails to respond, the switch falls back to local authentication.

The user netadmin is a local account configured on the switch and belongs to the operators group.

As a result, the user is successfully authenticated locally and is granted operator level access.

References

Aruba AOS-CX User Guide: Authentication fallback mechanisms.

TACACS+ fallback behavior for HPE Aruba switches.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation

A non-default device posture is applied in scenarios where specific checks on a device's compliance or security state (posture) are required to grant or deny access. The correct answer is:

B. Checking whether a client has antivirus software as a condition for receiving access to resources.

This use case explicitly requires device posture assessment, which involves evaluating the device for attributes like antivirus software, patch levels, or other compliance criteria.

Non-default device posture rules are configured to assess these conditions and enforce the appropriate policy based on the device's state.

Other Options:

A. Applying threat inspection: Threat inspection rules operate independently of device posture and apply based on traffic content, not device compliance.

C. Redirecting compromised clients: This action is typically triggered based on a security event or threat detection, not directly related to device posture evaluation.

D. Integrating with ClearPass OnGuard: While OnGuard can contribute to posture assessment, it does not require a non-default device posture in the SSE rule directly.

References

HPE Aruba SSE Posture-Based Access Control documentation.

Aruba ClearPass and SSE Integration Deployment Guide.

When using "Tips

" conditions within an 802.1X service's enforcement policy, you should enable caching roles and posture attributes from previous sessions in the service's enforcement settings. This ensures that ClearPass retains posture information from previous authentications, which is necessary for making decisions based on the current posture state of an endpoint. By caching these attributes, ClearPass can apply appropriate enforcement actions based on the device's posture status.

When setting up a ClearPass cluster, it is critical to ensure secure communication between the cluster nodes and the client devices. For this purpose, certain certificates must be properly configured.

1. Why HTTPS Requires a CA-Signed Certificate?

HTTPS communication is used for inter-cluster communication and for the web-based user interface that administrators use to manage the ClearPass cluster.

Before joining the cluster, it is strongly recommended to install a CA-signed HTTPS certificate on the Subscriber to ensure secure communication and prevent warnings/errors due to untrusted certificates.

Without a CA-signed certificate, the Subscriber might use a self-signed certificate, leading to security risks and lack of trust validation.

2. Analysis of Other Certificate Types

B. Database:

Incorrect: Database communications within ClearPass clusters are secured using internal certificates or keys. These are not user-facing and do not require a CA-signed certificate before joining the cluster.

C. RADIUS/EAP:

Incorrect: RADIUS/EAP certificates are important for client authentication, but they are not required on the Subscriber prior to cluster joining. These can be configured after the Subscriber is part of the cluster.

D. RadSec:

Incorrect: RadSec is an optional feature for secure RADIUS communication over TLS, and its certificate configuration is typically performed post-cluster setup.

Final Recommendation

To ensure secure cluster operations and seamless web-based management, a CA-signed HTTPS certificate should be installed on the Subscriber before it joins the ClearPass cluster.

References

ClearPass Deployment Guide for Version 6.9.

Best Practices for Certificate Management in ClearPass Clusters.

HPE Aruba ClearPass Cluster Configuration Guide.

802.11 Traffic and Protection Bits:

In the 802.11 protocol, protection bits and the Initialization Vector (IV) are used in encrypted wireless traffic.

If the traffic is captured directly from an AP, the frames may include encrypted content.

Wireshark may misinterpret these protection bits or fail to display the frames correctly unless it is configured to ignore protection bits and correctly parse the IV.

Key Scenario:

When traffic is captured directly from an AP managed by HPE Aruba Networking Central, the frames are often captured before decryption occurs.

In such cases, you must configure Wireshark to ignore the protection bits and handle the IV properly for correct frame interpretation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect. Data plane traffic sent to a remote IP is usually decrypted, so Wireshark does not require this adjustment.

Option B: Incorrect. Switch port mirroring captures traffic at Layer 2/3, not raw 802.11 frames.

Option C: Correct. Traffic captured directly from an AP via HPE Aruba Networking Central often includes encrypted wireless frames, requiring Wireshark adjustments.

Option D: Incorrect. Control plane traffic is typically management data and not raw wireless frames needing IV interpretation.

Implementing user-based tunneling (UBT) on AOS-CX switches is beneficial for applying enhanced security features such as deep packet inspection (DPI) to wired traffic. UBT allows the traffic from specific users or devices to be tunneled to a central controller or security appliance where advanced security policies, including DPI, can be applied. This approach ensures that even wired traffic benefits from the same level of security and inspection typically available for wireless traffic, thus enhancing overall network security.

In the exhibit, the HPE Aruba Networking Central settings for the 9x00 gateway show that traffic inspection is enabled, and the gateway is set to operate in IDS (Intrusion Detection System) mode with the fail strategy set to "Block". This configuration means that the gateway will drop traffic if it matches a rule in the active ruleset.

1.Active Ruleset: The ruleset version 9861 is active, and the gateway is configured to automatically update the ruleset daily.

2.Traffic Matching Rules: When traffic matches a rule in the active ruleset, it is flagged as suspicious or malicious.

3.Block Mode: Since the fail strategy is set to "Block", any traffic that matches a rule in the active ruleset will be dropped to prevent potential threats.

When establishing a cluster of HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass servers, it is recommended to install a CA-signed certificate for HTTPS on the Subscriber before it joins the cluster. This ensures secure communication between the servers in the cluster and provides a trusted certificate for client connections.

1.HTTPS Security: A CA-signed certificate for HTTPS ensures that all web-based communication to and from the ClearPass server is encrypted and secure.

2.Cluster Communication: Secure communication between ClearPass nodes in the cluster is essential for synchronization and data integrity.

3.Client Trust: Clients accessing the ClearPass server will trust the CA-signed certificate, avoiding security warnings and ensuring smooth operations.

RADIUS Accounting:

RADIUS accounting enables network devices to report client session details (e.g., IP addresses, session duration, bandwidth usage) to CPPM.

Interim updates ensure CPPM receives ongoing updates about the client’s session, enabling accurate tracking.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect. Syslog logging sends general system logs, not client session details.

Option B: Incorrect. Dynamic authorization (CoA) handles session changes but does not provide usage tracking.

Option C: Correct. RADIUS accounting with interim updates tracks client IP addresses and bandwidth utilization.

Option D: Incorrect. IF-MAP interfaces are used for metadata sharing, not for RADIUS-based tracking.

Dynamic Authorization for Enforcement Profile Updates:

When CPPM receives updated client posture or profile data, it can initiate a Change of Authorization (CoA) to update enforcement profiles dynamically.

To support this:

Dynamic Authorization must be enabled on the switches.

CPPM must be configured as a dynamic authorization client to send CoA requests.

Option C: Correct. Dynamic authorization ensures that the switch can apply updated enforcement profiles based on new information from CPPM.

Option A: Incorrect. RADIUS accounting provides session updates but does not enable dynamic changes to enforcement profiles.

Option B: Incorrect. RADIUS track is for monitoring RADIUS server availability, not dynamic enforcement updates.

Option D: Incorrect. TACACS is not used for dynamic authorization; RADIUS handles this functionality.

To minimize disruption time if an AOS-CX switch reboots while implementing DHCP snooping and ARP inspection, you should save the IP-to-MAC bindings to external storage. This ensures that the DHCP snooping and ARP inspection tables, which are crucial for preventing spoofing attacks, are preserved across reboots. When the switch restarts, it can reload these bindings from the external storage, thereby maintaining network security and reducing the downtime associated with rebuilding these tables.

1.Preserving Bindings: Saving IP-to-MAC bindings to external storage ensures that these critical security tables are not lost during a reboot, maintaining network integrity.

2.Security Continuity: This practice helps to quickly restore security features like DHCP snooping and ARP inspection, minimizing the window of vulnerability.

3.Operational Efficiency: By preserving these bindings, the switch can resume normal operations faster, reducing disruption to network services.

An HPE Aruba Networking AP's Device (TPM) certificate is signed by an HPE Aruba Networking Certificate Authority (CA) and is trusted by many HPE Aruba Networking solutions. This certificate is used for secure communications and device authentication within the Aruba network ecosystem.

1.CA-Signed Certificate: The Device (TPM) certificate is signed by a trusted Aruba CA, ensuring its authenticity and integrity.

2.Trust Across Solutions: Because it is signed by an Aruba CA, it is recognized and trusted by various Aruba solutions, facilitating secure interactions and communications.

3.Security: Using a CA-signed certificate enhances the security of the network by preventing unauthorized access and ensuring that communications are secure.

The exhibit reveals duplicate IP addresses detected for 10.1.140.6, associated with two different MAC addresses:

88:56:56:ab:c6:89

88:13:30:a3:02:00

Key observations:

Duplicate IP Address Detection:

The message "Duplicate IP address detected for 10.1.140.6" clearly indicates two devices claiming the same IP address.

This typically occurs when one device spoofs the MAC address of another device to intercept or disrupt traffic.

MAC Spoofing Context:

MAC spoofing is a tactic used to impersonate another device's hardware address to gain unauthorized access to a network.

By spoofing a legitimate IP-MAC pairing, an attacker can bypass security mechanisms or cause denial-of-service conditions.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect:

Option B (Mirroring Misconfigured): While mirroring misconfiguration can duplicate traffic, it does not lead to a "duplicate IP detected" alert.

Option C (Misconfigured DHCP): Misconfigurations usually result in DHCP conflicts, but they do not typically involve two different MAC addresses for the same IP.

Option D (ARP Poisoning/MITM): ARP poisoning involves falsified ARP tables, but it does not directly trigger duplicate IP address detection. Instead, ARP packets flood the network.

Conclusion:

The evidence strongly suggests MAC spoofing, as two different MAC addresses are claiming the same IP address (10.1.140.6). This behavior is typical of attempts to gain unauthorized access or disrupt network operations.

ClearPass Role Mapping Policy:

The Endpoint namespace is used to reference attributes and tags related to endpoint devices.

Device Insight Tags are part of endpoint profiling information and are stored in the Endpoint Repository.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The Endpoint namespace includes Device Insight Tags.

Option B: Incorrect. TIPS refers to system attributes and configuration data, not endpoint tags.

Option C: Incorrect. Device is not a valid namespace in this context.

Option D: Incorrect. Application relates to application-level attributes, not Device Insight Tags.

To support 802.1X authentication and download user roles from HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) on AOS-CX switches, you must install the root CA certificate for CPPM's RADIUS certificate in a Trust Anchor (TA) profile on the switches. This ensures that the switches trust the RADIUS server certificate presented by CPPM during the authentication process.

1.Root CA Certificate: Installing the root CA certificate ensures that the switch can verify the authenticity of the RADIUS server certificate provided by CPPM.

2.Trust Anchor Profile: The TA profile on the switch holds the root CA certificate, establishing a trust relationship between the switch and the CPPM RADIUS server.

3.Secure Authentication: This setup is essential for securing the 802.1X authentication process and enabling the download of user roles.

Running periodic subnet scans on devices from HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) can be used to gather DHCP fingerprints, which help determine a client's device category and operating system. DHCP fingerprints are unique patterns in DHCP request packets that provide valuable information about the device type and OS, assisting in device profiling and policy enforcement.

1.DHCP Fingerprinting: This technique captures specific details from DHCP packets to identify the type and operating system of a device.

2.Device Profiling: By running subnet scans, CPPM can continuously update its device database with accurate profiles, ensuring that policies are applied correctly based on the device type.

3.Network Visibility: Regular scanning helps maintain up-to-date visibility of all devices on the network, improving security and management.

To capture traffic from a particular wireless client for a 15-minute period and then send the traffic in a PCAP file, you should go to the client's AP in HPE Aruba Networking Central and use the "Security" page to run a packet capture. This method allows you to directly capture the client's traffic from the AP managing the wireless connection, ensuring that you gather the relevant traffic data for analysis.

1.Centralized Management: HPE Aruba Networking Central provides a centralized interface for managing and monitoring APs, making it easy to initiate packet captures.

2.Security Page: The "Security" page in Aruba Central includes tools for running packet captures, allowing you to specify the duration and other parameters.

3.Ease of Use: This approach simplifies the process by using the built-in features of Aruba Central, avoiding the need for complex CLI commands or additional hardware.

HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Device Insight (CPDI) can show detailed information about a device's communication patterns, including how many destinations the device is accessing. CPDI provides comprehensive visibility into the behavior and activity of devices on the network, allowing the security team to track and analyze communication patterns at a glance. This information is critical for identifying anomalies and potential security threats.

1. Understanding CPDI Risk Score and Posture Analysis

The Risk Score in ClearPass Device Insight (CPDI) is a numerical value representing the overall risk level associated with a device. It considers factors such as:

Posture Assessment: The device's compliance with health policies (e.g., OS updates, antivirus status).

Security Analysis: Vulnerabilities detected on the device, such as known exploits or weak configurations.

A Risk Score of 90 indicates a high-risk device, suggesting that the posture is unhealthy and vulnerabilities have been detected.

2. Analysis of Each Option

A. The posture is unknown, and CPDI has detected exactly four vulnerabilities on the device:

Incorrect:

The posture cannot be "unknown" because posture assessment is enabled in the settings.

CPDI does not explicitly indicate the exact number of vulnerabilities directly through the Risk Score.

B. The posture is healthy, but CPDI has detected multiple vulnerabilities on the device:

Incorrect:

A Risk Score of 90 is too high for a "healthy" posture. A healthy posture would typically result in a lower Risk Score.

C. The posture is unhealthy, and CPDI has also detected at least one vulnerability on the device:

Correct:

A high Risk Score of 90 indicates an unhealthy posture.

The presence of vulnerabilities (based on Security Analysis being enabled) further justifies the high Risk Score.

This combination of unhealthy posture and detected vulnerabilities aligns with the Risk Score and configuration provided.

D. The posture is unhealthy, but CPDI has not detected any vulnerabilities on the device:

Incorrect:

If no vulnerabilities were detected, the Risk Score would not be as high as 90, even if the posture were unhealthy.

Final Interpretation

From the configuration and Risk Score provided, the device's posture is unhealthy, and at least one vulnerability has been detected by CPDI.

References

HPE Aruba ClearPass Device Insight Deployment Guide.

CPDI Risk Score Analysis and Security Settings Documentation.

Best Practices for Posture Assessment in Aruba Networks.

Installing Agents for SSE (Secure Service Edge):

Agents installed on remote users' devices allow posture checks (e.g., antivirus status, OS version) to ensure compliance.

Based on the results of the posture checks, different permissions and security policies can be applied dynamically.

This improves the security posture of remote users before granting access to resources.

Option A: Correct. Agents enable posture checks and enforce conditional access based on compliance.

Option B: Incorrect. Admins manage SSE policies centrally, not via agents.

Option C: Incorrect. Access to private servers via SSH does not require agents; it relies on policies and tunnels.

Option D: Incorrect. Local sandboxing is generally a function of endpoint protection solutions, not SSE agents.