HP HPE7-A01 Aruba Certified Campus Access Professional Exam Exam Practice Test

AOS 10 Gateways can have the following personas: Mobility, Branch, and VPN Concentrator1 However, the Mobility persona is only available when configuring a Gateway-only group, which is a group that contains only one gateway device2 The Mobility persona provides Overlay WLAN and (or) wired LAN functionalities for campus networks1 The Branch persona provides the Aruba Instant OS and SD-Branch (LAN + WAN) functionality for branch and microbranch networks1 The VPN Concentrator persona provides VPN termination and routing functionality for remote access networks3 The Edge persona is not a valid option, as it is not a supported device persona for AOS 10 Gateways.

The correct answer is B. sysops.

The sysops user role is a predefined role that allows users to perform system operations on the switch, such as backup, restore, upgrade, or reboot. The sysops user role also has access to the PUT and POST methods for REST API, which can be used to modify the switch configuration. The sysops user role has a privilege level of 15, which is the highest level of access on the switch1.

The other options are incorrect because:

• A. sysadmin: The sysadmin user role is a predefined role that allows users to view and modify the switch configuration using the CLI or the Web UI. The sysadmin user role does not have access to the REST API methods, and cannot perform firmware upgrades1.
• C. administrators: The administrators user role is a predefined role that has full access to all switch configuration information and all REST API methods. This role is more than what the Director of Security requires1.
• D. config: The config user role is a predefined role that allows users to view and modify the switch configuration using the CLI or the Web UI. The config user role does not have access to the REST API methods, and cannot perform firmware upgrades1.

https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/Instant_85_WebHelp/Content/instant-ug/wlan-ssid-conf/conf-fast-roam.htm

• Class 3 (15.4W): 802.3af
• Class 4 (30W): 802.3at
• Class 6 (60W): 802.3bt
• Class 8 (90W): 802.3bt

These are the correct requirements to ensure that WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) is working effectively. WMM is a standard that provides quality of service (QoS) for wireless networks by prioritizing traffic into four categories: voice, video, best effort, and background. To use WMM, both the APs and the controller must be Wi-Fi CERTIFIED for WMM, which means they have passed interoperability tests and comply with the standard. WMM must also be enabled on the APs and the controller, which is usually the default setting. The client device must also be Wi-Fi CERTIFIED for WMM and configured for WMM marking, which means it can tag its traffic with the appropriate priority level based on the application type. The other options are incorrect because they are either not related to WMM or not required for WMM to work. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/wlan-qos/wmm.htm https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-certified-wmm

The correct answers are A and D.

According to the web search results, VSX LAG is a feature that allows multiple PSKs to be used on a single SSID, providing device-specific or group-specific passphrases for enhanced security and deployment flexibility for headless IoT devices1. VSX LAGs span both aggregation switches and appear as one device to partner downstream or upstream devices or both when forming a LAG with the VSX pair2.

One of the statements that is true about VSX LAG is that the total number of configured links may not exceed 8 for the pair or 4 per switch1. This means that a VSX LAG across a downstream switch can have at most a total of eight member links, and a switch can have a maximum of four member links. When creating a VSX LAG, it is recommended to select an equal number of member links in each segment for load balancing1.

Another statement that is true about VSX LAG is that outgoing traffic is preferentially switched to local members of the LAG2. This means that when active forwarding and active gateway are enabled, north-south and south-north traffic bypasses the ISL link and uses the local ports on the switch. This optimizes the traffic path and reduces the load on the ISL link2.

The other statements are false or not relevant for VSX LAG. Outgoing traffic is not switched to a port based on a hashing algorithm, which may be either switch in the pair. This is a characteristic of MLAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation), which is a different feature from VSX LAG. LAG traffic is not passed over VSX ISL links only while upgrading firmware on the switch pair. This is a scenario that may occur when performing hitless upgrades, which is a feature that allows software updates without impacting network availability. The number of VSX lags that can be configured on all 83xx and 84xx model switches is not 255, but depends on the switch model and firmware version. For example, the AOS-CX 10.04 supports up to 64 VSX lags for 8320 switches and up to 128 VSX lags for 8325 and 8400 switches.

The reason is that the linkup delay timer is a feature that delays bringing downstream VSX links up, following a VSX device reboot or an ISL flap. The linkup delay timer has two phases: initial synchronization phase and link-up delay phase.

The initial synchronization phase is the download phase where the rebooted node learns all the LACP+MAC+ARP+STP database entries from its VSX peer through ISLP. The initial synchronization timer, which is not configurable, is the required time to download the database information from the peer.

The link-up delay phase is the duration for installing the downloaded entries to the ASIC, establishing router adjacencies with core nodes and learning upstream routes. The link-up delay timer default value is 180 seconds. Depending on the network size, ARP/routing tables size, you might be required to set the timer to a higher value (maximum 600 seconds).

When both VSX devices reboot, the link-up delay timer is not used.

Therefore, by configuring the linkup delay timer to include LAGs 101 and 102, which are part of the same VSX device as LAG 201, you can ensure that both devices have enough time to synchronize their databases and form routing adjacencies before bringing down their downstream links.

This is the correct statement about what happens when a client attempts to join the network and the WLAN is configured with OWE (Opportunistic Wireless Encryption). OWE is a standard that provides encryption for open networks without requiring any authentication or credentials from the client or the network. OWE uses a Diffie-Hellman key exchange mechanism to establish a secure session between the client and the AP without exchanging any authentication information. The other options are incorrect because they either describe scenarios that require authentication or encryption methods that are not used by OWE. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/wp/WP_WiFi6.pdf https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_AP510Series.pdf

The Aruba CX 6400 switch is a modular switch that supports high-performance and high-density Ethernet switching for campus and data center networks. One of the features that distinguishes the Aruba CX 6400 switch from most typical campus switches is virtual output queueing (VOQ). VOQ is a technique that implements large ingress packet buffers on each port to prevent head-of-line blocking and packet loss due to congestion2. VOQ allows each port to have multiple queues for different output ports and prioritize packets based on their destination and QoS class2. VOQ enables the Aruba CX 6400 switch to achieve high throughput and low latency for various traffic types and scenarios. References: 2 https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_CX6400Series.pdf

Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) is a feature that provides encryption for open wireless networks without requiring authentication. OWE uses an enhanced version of the 4-way handshake to establish a pairwise key between the client and the AP, which is then used to encrypt the wireless traffic using WPA2 or WPA3 protocols. OWE can be used for visitor networks where encryption is needed but authentication is not required. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/tg/TG_OWE.pdf

PAPI is the protocol that is used to establish tunnels between the CX switch and the Aruba Gateway for Dynamic Segmentation1. By default, PAPI uses a simple checksum to verify the integrity of the messages, but it does not encrypt the payload2. This could expose the network to spoofing or replay attacks by malicious actors. To address this situation, the administrator must enable Enhanced PAPI security, which uses AES-256 encryption and HMAC-SHA1 authentication to protect the tunnel traffic2. Enhanced PAPI security can be enabled on the CX switch by using the command system papi enhanced-security enable3. This will ensure that the tunnels built between the CX switch and the Aruba Gateway are encrypted and authenticated.

The default management role that should have been assigned for the user is B. operators.

The operators user role is a predefined role that allows users to view nonsensitive configuration information on the switch, such as interfaces, VLANs, routing protocols, statistics, and more. The operators user role has a privilege level of 1, which is the lowest level of access on the switch1.

The administrators user role is a predefined role that has full access to all switch configuration information and all REST API methods. This role is more than what the Director of Security requires1.

To establish a keepalive connection between two Aruba CX 8325 switches for VSX configuration, you need to use a routed port in custom VRF. A routed port is a physical port that acts as a layer 3 interface and does not belong to any VLAN. A custom VRF is a virtual routing and forwarding instance that provides logical separation of routing tables. By using a routed port in custom VRF, you can isolate the keepalive traffic from other traffic and prevent routing loops or conflicts. The other options are incorrect because they either do not use a routed port or do not use a custom VRF. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch07.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch02.html

802.11k is a standard that provides mechanisms for APs and clients to dynamically measure the available radio resources in a wireless network. 802.11k defines radio resource management (RRM) functions, such as neighbor reports, link measurement, beacon reports, etc., that allow APs and clients to exchange information about the RF environment and make better roaming decisions. The other options are incorrect because they describe other standards, such as 802.11r, 802.11v, or 802.11ax. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/wp/WP_WiFi6.pdf https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_AP510Series.pdf

Active Gateway is the first-hop protocol feature that is used for VSX L3 gateway as per Aruba recommendation. Active Gateway is a feature that allows both VSX peers to act as active gateways for different subnets, eliminating the need for VRRP or other first-hop redundancy protocols. Active Gateway also provides fast failover and load balancing for L3 traffic across the VSX peers. The other options are incorrect because they are either not recommended or not supported by Aruba CX VSX. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch07.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/resource/aruba-virtual-switching-extension-vsx/

The reason is that PBR allows you to route packets based on policies that match certain criteria, such as source or destination IP addresses, ports, protocols, etc. PBR can also be used to set metrics, next-hop addresses, or tag traffic for different routes.

According to the Aruba Documentation Portal1, the Aruba 6300 CX switches support various features to control the PoE devices on specific ports, such as device profiles and classifier policies. These features can help reduce the power consumption and improve the performance of the PoE devices.

1: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.10/HTML/monitoring_6300-6400/Content/Chp_LEDs/fro-pan-led-630.htm  2: https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/switches/6300-series/  3: https://docs.samsungknox.com/admin/knox-manage/configure/profile/configure-profile-policies/configure-profile-policies-by-device-platform/

This is because option C shows how to create a single group in Central with different configuration methods defined for each device type. For example, you can create a group with the name Group1, and within this group, you can enable template-based configuration method for switches and UI-based configuration method for Instant APs and Gateways. Aruba Central identifies both these groups under a single name (Group1). If a device type in the group is marked for template-based configuration method, the group name is prefixed with TG (TG Group1). You can use Group1 as the group ID for workflows such as user management, monitoring, reports, and audit trail2.

https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/central/latest/content/nms/groups/abt-groups.htm  2: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/central/latest/content/nms/groups/groups.htm

The other options either use more commands or do not create the VRF or the VLAN.

Option C uses the following commands:

• vrf eng: This command creates a VRF named eng and enters the VRF configuration mode1.
• vlan 25: This command creates a VLAN with ID 25 and enters the VLAN configuration mode2.
• interface vlan 25: This command creates an SVI on VLAN 25 and enters the interface configuration mode3.
• ip address 10.105.43.1/24 ipv6 address fd00:5780::102d:4df6/64 vrf attach eng: This command assigns an IPv4 address of 10.105.43.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 and an IPv6 address of fd00:5780::102d:4df6 with a prefix length of 64 to the SVI, and attaches it to the VRF eng.

This is the best practice for handling voice traffic with dynamic segmentation on AOS-CX switches. Dynamic segmentation is a feature that allows AOS-CX switches to tunnel user traffic to a controller or another switch based on user roles and policies. For voice traffic, it is recommended to use switch authentication and local forwarding, which means the voice devices are authenticated by the switch and their traffic is forwarded locally without tunneling. This reduces latency and jitter for voice traffic and improves voice quality. The other options are incorrect because they either use central authentication or tunneling, which are not optimal for voice traffic. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch05.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_AOS-CX.pdf

The Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the measured radiated power of an antenna in a specific direction. It is also called Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power. It is the output power when a signal is concentrated into a smaller area by the Antenna. The EIRP can take into account the losses in transmission line, connectors and includes the gain of the antenna. It is represented in dB2. The formula for EIRP is:

EIRP=PT−Lc+Ga

where PT is the output power of the transmitter in dBm, Lc is the cable and connector loss in dB, and Ga is the antenna gain in dBi.

For AP1, the EIRP can be calculated as:

EIRP=16−4+8=20 dBm

Therefore, the answer B is correct.

References: 1: Aruba Campus Access documents and learning resources 2: EIRP Calculator - Effective Isotropic Radiated Power

QoS concept: Class of Service Definition: 3) A method for classifying network traffic using access categories based on the IEEE 802.11e QoS standards

QoS concept: Differentiated services Definition: 2) A method for classifying network traffic at layer-3 or marking packets with one of 64 different service classes

QoS concept: WMM Definition: 4) A method for classifying network traffic using access categories based on the IEEE 802.11e QoS standards

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol that uses link-state information to calculate the best path to each destination in the network. OSPF establishes adjacencies with neighboring routers to exchange routing information and maintain a consistent view of the network topology1.

To establish an OSPF adjacency, the routers need to have some common parameters, such as the area ID, the network type, the hello interval, the dead interval, and the authentication method2. The routers also need to have a matching subnet mask on the interface that connects them3.

In this case, the Aruba CX 6300 VSF stack has an SVI (Switched Virtual Interface) on VLAN 10 with an IP address of 10.1.1.1/24 and a LAG (Link Aggregation Group) on port 1/1/1 and port 2/1/1 that connects to a neighboring device. The SVI is configured with OSPF area 0 and network type broadcast. The LAG is configured with OSPF passive mode, which means that it will not send or receive OSPF hello packets.

The neighboring device has an interface with an IP address of 10.1.1.2/24 and a LAG on port 1/0/1 and port 2/0/1 that connects to the Aruba CX 6300 VSF stack. The interface is configured with OSPF area 0 and network type broadcast.

Since the Aruba CX 6300 VSF stack and the neighboring device have the same area ID, network type, subnet mask, and default hello and dead intervals on their interfaces, they will be able to establish an OSPF adjacency over SVI 10 with LAG 1. The OSPF passive mode on the LAG will not affect the adjacency, because it only applies to the LAG interface, not the SVI interface.

According to the Aruba Documentation Portal1, PAPI (Port Aggregation Protocol) is a protocol that allows multiple physical ports to be aggregated into a single logical port for increased bandwidth and performance. PAPI can be used between AOS-CX switches and gateways, or between AOS-CX switches and other devices.

Option A: Implement an IPSec tunnel to protect PAPI between the AOS-CX switches and the gateway

This is because option A shows how to implement an IPSec tunnel between two devices using the interface command and the ipsec command. An IPSec tunnel can provide encryption and authentication for PAPI traffic between two devices, such as an AOS-CX switch and a gateway2.

Therefore, option A is a feasible option to protect this traffic.

I hope this helps you. If you need more information, please let me know. ?

1: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.06/HTML/5200-7727/Content/Chp_prev_traf_loss/Act_gtw_act_fwd/act-gat-ove-vsx-10.htm  2: https://community.arubanetworks.com/blogviewer?blogkey=989fc43a-e0df-42db-9c0b-f96d6565a1fa

Loop protection is a feature that detects and prevents loops in layer 2 networks. Loop protection can be enabled on ports, LAGs, or VLANs. When loop protection is enabled, the switch sends periodic loop protection messages on the interface and expects to receive them back. If a loop protection message is received back on the same interface, it indicates a loop and the switch takes an action to disable the interface or block traffic on it3. The loop-protect re-enable-timer command is used to configure the length of time the switch waits before re-enabling an interface that was disabled due to loop detection. The default value is 0, which means that the interface remains disabled until manually re-enabled3. To automate the process of resuming the port operational state once a loop on a client port is cleared, the loop-protect re-enable-timer command can be used with a non-zero value on the interface range that includes the client ports3. Therefore, answer C is correct.

References: 1: Aruba Campus Access documents and learning resources 3: Configuring loop protection - Aruba

The correct answer is C. sysops.

The sysops user role is a predefined role that allows users to view switch configuration information and have access to the PUT and POST methods for REST API. The sysops user role can also use the PATCH and DELETE methods for REST API, but not for all resources. The sysops user role is suitable for users who need to perform system operations on the switch, such as backup, restore, upgrade, or reboot.

According to the AOS-CX REST API Reference basics1, one of the predefined user roles is:

• sysops: Users with this role can view switch configuration information and have access to the PUT and POST methods for REST API. They can also use the PATCH and DELETE methods for REST API, but not for all resources. Users with this role can perform system operations on the switch, such as backup, restore, upgrade, or reboot.

The other options are incorrect because:

• A. administrators: Users with this role have full access to all switch configuration information and all REST API methods. This role is more than what the customer requires.
• B. auditors: Users with this role can only view switch configuration information and have access to the GET method for REST API. They cannot use the PUT and POST methods for REST API.
• D. helpdesk: Users with this role can view switch configuration information and have access to the GET method for REST API. They can also use the PATCH method for REST API, but only for a limited set of resources. They cannot use the PUT and POST methods for REST API.

 The system-mac command is used to configure a fixed MAC address for the VSX system. This MAC address is used as the source MAC address for all routed traffic from the VSX node. The system-mac command is highly recommended for preventing traffic disruptions when the primary VSX switch restores after the secondary VSX switch, such as during a primary switch hardware replacement or a power outage2. During the initial VSX configuration, the system-mac is assigned with a fixed MAC based on VSX ID. The system-mac command can be used to change this default MAC address if needed2. Therefore, answer D is correct.

References: 1: Aruba Campus Access documents and learning resources 2: system-mac - Aruba

The calculated Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) for AP1 is 17 dBm.

EIRP is the measured radiated power of an antenna in a specific direction. It is equal to the input power to the antenna multiplied by the gain of the antenna. It can also take into account the losses in transmission line, connectors, and other components. The formula for EIRP is:

EIRP = P + G - L

where P is the output power of the radio, G is the gain of the antenna, and L is the loss of the cable and connectors.

For AP1, we have:

P = 10 dBm G = 9 dBi L = 2 dB

Therefore,

EIRP = 10 + 9 - 2 EIRP = 17 dBm

The command loop-protect enables loop protection on each layer 2 interface (port, LAG, or VLAN) for which loop protection is needed. Loop protection can find loops in untagged layer 2 links, as well as on tagged VLANs.

Aruba 9004 gateway supports ZTP on port G0/0/0 by default1. If the gateway is connected to a different port, such as G0/0/V1, it will not be able to communicate with Aruba Activate and Aruba Central, which are required for ZTP2. Moreover, port G0/0/V1 is configured as a DHCP server by default, which can cause IP address conflicts with the existing network3. Therefore, the technician should move the cable on the gateway to port G0/0/0, which will allow the gateway to obtain an IP address from the network DHCP server and start the ZTP process. The other options are not correct because they will not solve the issue or enable ZTP. For example, option D will not work because factory defaulting and rebooting the gateway will not change the port configuration or behavior3.

CoS and DSCP are both methods of marking packets for quality of service (QoS) purposes. QoS is a mechanism that allows network devices to prioritize and differentiate traffic based on certain criteria, such as application type, source, destination, etc. CoS stands for Class of Service and is a 3-bit field in the 802.1Q VLAN tag header. CoS can only be used on Ethernet frames that have a VLAN tag, and it can only be preserved within a single VLAN domain. DSCP stands for Differentiated Services Code Point and is a 6-bit field in the IP header. DSCP can be used on any IP packet, regardless of the underlying layer 2 technology, and it can be preserved throughout the IP packet flow, unless it is modified by intermediate devices. References: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/qos/configuration/15-mt/qos-15-mt-book/qos-overview.html https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/8021q/17056-741-4.html https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/quality-of-service-qos/qos-packet-marking/10103-dscpvalues.html

These are the correct statements regarding the ERSPAN session that needs to be established on an AOS-CX switch for a network administrator to examine the packets over a period of time from their desktop. ERSPAN (Encapsulated Remote Switched Port Analyzer) is a feature that allows an AOS-CX switch to mirror traffic from one or more source ports or VLANs to a remote destination IP address over a GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnel. The destination IP address must be the IP address of the administrator’s desktop, which must have a packet capture tool installed to receive and analyze the mirrored traffic. The encapsulation protocol used for ERSPAN is GRE, which adds a header to the mirrored packets with information such as source and destination IP addresses, session ID, etc. The other statements are incorrect because they either do not specify the correct destination IP address or do not use ERSPAN or GRE. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch02.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch03.html

OCSP is a protocol that allows clients to query the CA or a trusted responder for the status of a specific certificate. OCSP requests and responses are smaller and faster than CRLs, and they can provide real-time information about the revocation status of a certificate12. CRLs are lists of all revoked certificates that are downloaded from the CA. CRLs can present issues, as they can become outdated and have to be downloaded frequently13. Therefore, OCSP reduces latency between the time a certificate is revoked and validation reflects this status. References: 1 https://sectigostore.com/blog/ocsp-vs-crl-whats-the-difference/  2 https://www.keyfactor.com/blog/what-is-a-certificate-revocation-list-crl-vs-ocsp/  3 https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/ocsp

• Proves knowledge of the PMK
• Exchanges messages for generating PTK
• Distributes an encrypted GTK to the client
• Sets first initialization vector (IV)