Fortinet NSE6_FSW-7.2 NSE6_FSW-7.2 - Fortinet NSE 6 - FortiSwitch 7.2 Exam Practice Test

To deploy FortiSwitch in a remote location with multiple VLANs and no Layer 3 switch or router, you would need specific configurations:

• VXLAN Interfaces (B):
• Appropriate Hardware (D):

References:For specific information on VXLAN configuration and hardware requirements, refer to the technical documentation provided by Fortinet:Fortinet Product Documentation

Layer 3 routing can be configured on FortiSwitch, while managed by FortiGate (D): FortiSwitch, when managed by FortiGate, supports Layer 3 routing capabilities. This allows for routing between VLANs directly on the switch, enhancing network efficiency by reducing the need to pass traffic through higher network layers for inter-VLAN communication. This configuration enables more sophisticated network setups and efficient routing directly at the switch level.

To enable a managed FortiSwitch to accept SNMP requests from any source, the relevant configuration would involve setting up access on the management interface specifically to permit SNMP traffic. Based on the provided options:

• Add SNMP service on the management interface of the switch (Option D): This configuration change directly targets the interface responsible formanagement traffic, which includes SNMP communications. By enabling SNMP service on this interface, SNMP requests from any source can be processed, assuming no other restrictive ACLs or firewall rules are in place that would block such requests.

References:

• Typically, enabling SNMP on a device’s management interface is straightforward and involves specifying the SNMP version, community strings, and permitted sources. This setting allows the device to process SNMP queries and send SNMP traps as configured.

In the context of the topology provided and the concepts of LAG (Link Aggregation Group) and MCLAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation), the spanning tree protocol's perspective can be summarized as follows:

• Switch 1, Switch 2, and Switch 3 are seen as one MCLAG peer group (Option A): In this configuration, Switches 1 and 2 form a Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (MCLAG) which effectively allows them to act as a single logical entity from the perspective of downstream switches (in this case, Switch 3). This grouping enhances fault tolerance and bandwidth by pooling the link resources of the two switches.
• Switch 3 and Switch 4 uplinks are treated as single interfaces (Option B): This option suggests that the connections between Switch 3 and Switch 4 (presumably using LAG) are perceived by the spanning tree protocol as a single logical connection. This perception is due to the LAG configuration, which combines multiple network cables/ports into a single logical link to provide redundancy and increase bandwidth.

References:

• The use of LAG and MCLAG is well-documented in networking literature and Fortinet's own documentation, as these technologies are commonly employed to enhance redundancy and bandwidth. Fortinet's implementation of these protocols is designed to maintain compatibility with standard networking protocols, including Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).

Regarding the configuration of a FortiSwitch to split a port into multiple smaller interfaces:

• The CLI commands are enabling a split port into four 10Gbps interfaces (Option B): The command shown in the exhibit is typically used to configure a high-speed port (like a 40Gbps or 100Gbps interface) to be divided into smaller, independent 10Gbps interfaces. This feature allows more flexible use of the switch's physical resources.
• The port full speed prior to the split was 100G SFP+ (Option C): Given the context of splitting the port into multiple 10Gbps interfaces, the original port configuration likely supported a high-speed transceiver such as 100G SFP+. This would make it technically feasible to divide the interface into multiple 10Gbps channels, enhancing connectivity options without requiring additional physical interfaces.

These configurations and capabilities are typical in modern network setups, especially in environments requiring high density and flexibility in connectivity, allowing network administrators to optimize physical infrastructure efficiently.

From the exhibit and the details given about the routes not installed in the FIB:

• These two routes have a higher administrative distance value available to the destination networks (Option A): Administrative distance is a measure used by routers to select the best path when there are two or more different routes to the same destination from two different routing protocols. A higher administrative distance means that the route is considered less trustworthy, thus not selected for the FIB unless the more preferred routes fail.
• These two routes will become primary, if the best routes are removed (Option B): In routing, if the currently installed routes (which are considered the best due to reasons like lower administrative distance) are removed or become unavailable, the next best routes based on administrative distance will be used. This behavior ensures redundancy and maintains network connectivity in diverse scenarios.

References:

• This approach is aligned with standard routing protocol behavior as documented in networking protocols and Fortinet’s routing mechanisms which prioritize routes based on administrative distance and other metrics to maintain efficient and reliable network routing.

While FortiSwitch can collect all the listed LLDP-MED TLVs (Network Policy, Power Management, Location, and Inventory Management), the primary focus for tracking and identifying network devices is on theInventory ManagementTLV.

This TLV carries critical details such as:

• Manufacturer
• Model
• Hardware/Firmware versions
• Serial/Asset numbers

This information provides a granular understanding of the devices on your network.

The provided debug output indicates that the FortiSwitch is sending FortiLink heartbeats to the FortiGate and is currently waiting to join the stack group. Here's a breakdown of the relevant lines:

• Line 1:Shows the date, time, elapsed time since boot, and process ID for the FortiLink event handler.
• Event 101:This indicates the FortiSwitch is in a "wait join" state (FL_STATE_WAIT_JOIN). This means it's discovered by the FortiGate and is awaiting further instructions to join the FortiLink stack group.
• switchname S424DPTF20000029:This displays the serial number of the FortiSwitch.
• flags 0x401:The specific flag meaning might depend on the FortiSwitch model and version, but it likely indicates general communication between the switch and FortiGate.

Lines 2 and onward:These lines show subsequent events with similar timestamps, suggesting a regular heartbeat interval. There are also instances of the FortiSwitch sending packets to the FortiGate (indicated bypkt-sent).

Why the Other Options Are Less Likely:

• C. FortiSwitch is discovered and authorized by FortiGate.While discovery might have happened before these lines, the "wait join" state suggests authorization hasn't necessarily completed yet.
• D. FortiSwitch is ready to push its new hostname to FortiGate.There's no explicit indication of hostname changes in this excerpt. The focus is on joining the stack group.

In Summary:

The key point is the "FL_STATE_WAIT_JOIN" state, which signifies the FortiSwitch is ready to be fully integrated but is waiting for further commands from the FortiGate to complete the process.

The information in the "Native VLAN" column for port23 on the FortiSwitch indicates that a standalone switch is connected to it. This is because the column displays "$424MPTF20000027," which matches the format of a Fortinet device serial number.

Here's a breakdown of the evidence in the image:

• Native VLAN:The "Native VLAN" column typically displays the VLAN ID for untagged traffic on a trunk port. However, in this case, it shows a serial number format ("$424MPTF20000027").
• No Trunk Information:The "Trunk" column is blank for port23, indicating it's not configured as a trunk member.
• Other Ports:Port1 and port2 show "default" in the "Native VLAN" column, which is the expected behavior for access ports.

Fortinet FortiSwitch devices typically don't display the serial number of adjacent FortiSwitch devices in the "Native VLAN" column. This column is reserved for VLAN information on trunk ports.

It provides benefits that can be obtained when using 802.1X authentication (C): MAC, IP, and protocol-based VLANs on FortiSwitch are beneficial in network environments where additional granularity is needed in traffic segmentation and security, similar to what can be achieved through 802.1X authentication. These VLAN types allow for dynamic assignment of ports to VLANs based on the characteristics of the incoming traffic, enhancing both security and network efficiency.

Automatic MAC address quarantine is a security feature within the FortiGate/FortiSwitch integration. Here's how it works and why the answers are correct:

• The Role of FortiGate:FortiGate is the central decision point for quarantine actions. It identifies suspicious MAC addresses and communicates quarantine instructions to the FortiSwitch. The FortiSwitch doesn't make quarantine decisions on its own.
• Quarantine Mechanisms:While the decision is made on FortiGate, FortiSwitch supports two ways to enforce the quarantine:
• Configuration:Enabling MAC address quarantine involves configuring parameters on the FortiGate, notably via the CLI but also through the GUI depending on your FortiOS version.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect:

• A. FortiSwitch supports only by VLAN quarantine mode.This is incorrect. FortiSwitch can use both VLAN-based and port-based quarantine methods.
• C. FortiAnalyzer with a threat detection services license is required.FortiAnalyzer can provide deeper analysis and logging, but it's not mandatory for the core functionality of MAC address quarantine.

References:

• Fortinet Document Library - FortiSwitch Quarantines:https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortiswitch/7.4.2/fortilink-guide/173282/quarantines
• Fortinet Document Library - Configuring Switch Controller Quarantine (CLI):https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.2.8/cli-reference/211620/config-switch-controller-quarantine

Active multicast receiver entries are aging on each IGMP query sent on the VLAN (A): When IGMP snooping querier is enabled on a VLAN, it functions to manage multicast traffic within the VLAN by keeping track of multicast group memberships. The IGMP querier sends queries to determine which ports require the multicast traffic. The multicast receiver entries, which are entries that indicate which devices have requested the multicast data, age or time out based on these IGMP queries. Each query refreshes active connections but ages out entries that no longer respond, helping to ensure that multicast traffic is only sent to ports with active receivers.

When transitioning the management of a FortiSwitch from standalone mode to being managed by FortiGate via FortiLink, it is critical to ensure that the existing configurations are preserved. The best practice involves:

• FortiGate's Role in Configuration Preservation:FortiGate has the capability to automatically preserve the existing configuration of a FortiSwitch when it is integrated into the network via FortiLink. This feature helps ensure that the transition does not disrupt the network's operational settings.
• Configuration Integration:As FortiSwitch is integrated into FortiGate's management via FortiLink, FortiGate captures and integrates the existing switch configuration, enabling a seamless transition. This process involves FortiGate recognizing the FortiSwitch and its current setup, then incorporating these settings into the centralized management interface without the need for manual reconfiguration or the use of additional tools.

References:For further details on managing FortiSwitch with FortiGate and the capabilities of FortiLink, consult the FortiSwitch and FortiGate integration guide available on:Fortinet Product Documentation

The MAC address "00:50:56:96:e3:fc" appearing in two different VLANs (4089 and 4094) in the diagnostic output indicates it is a MAC address associated with a device that supports traffic from multiple VLANs. Such a behavior is typical of network infrastructure devices like switches or routers, which are configured to allow traffic from various VLANsto pass through a single physical or logical interface. This is essential in network designs that utilize VLANs to segregate network traffic for different departments or use cases while using the same physical infrastructure.

References:

• For more detailed information on MAC table diagnostics and VLAN configurations in FortiGate devices, refer to the official Fortinet documentation:Fortinet Product Documentation.

Based on the DHCP snooping configuration details provided in the exhibit:

• B. FortiSwitch is configured to trust DHCP replies coming on FortiLink interface.The configuration segment shows "trusted ports : port2 FlInK1 MLAG0," indicating that the FortiSwitch is configured to trust DHCP replies coming from the specified ports, including the FortiLink interface labeled FlInK1. This setup is critical in environments where the FortiLink interface connects directly to a trusted device, such as a FortiGate appliance, ensuring that DHCP traffic on these ports is considered legitimate.
• D. Global configuration for DHCP snooping is set to forward DHCP client requests on all ports in the VLAN.The "DHCP Broadcast Mode" set to 'All'under the DHCP Global Configuration indicates that DHCP client requests are allowed to broadcast across all ports within the VLAN. This setting is essential for environments needing broad DHCP client servicing across multiple access ports without restriction, facilitating network connectivity and management.

The correct statement about the quarantine VLAN on FortiSwitch is:

• B. Users who fail 802.1X authentication can be placed on the quarantine VLAN.This feature allows network administrators to isolate devices that do not meet the network’s security criteria as determined through 802.1X authentication. Placing these devices in a quarantine VLAN restricts their network access, thereby protecting the network from potential security threats posed by unauthorized or compromised devices.

Option A is incorrect as the presence of a DHCP server in a quarantine VLAN depends on specific network configurations. Option C is incorrect without more context regarding global settings, and option D misstates the functionality of quarantine VLANs, as their primary use is to restrict, not block, devices without additional VLAN configuration changes.