CompTIA 220-1102 CompTIA A+ Certification Core 2 Exam Exam Practice Test

In a Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) setup, the technician is most likely to configure mapped drives on a new PC. Mapped drives allow for easy access to shared resources such as files and printers on the network. This setup facilitates file sharing and collaboration within a small network, making it an essential configuration for SOHO environments.

AirDrop is a feature on Apple devices that allows users to wirelessly share files, photos, and videos with nearby Apple devices. If the MacBook is receiving unsolicited AirDrop requests, adjusting the AirDrop settings to allow sharing with contacts only or turning it off completely can help prevent these random pop-up requests.

The scenario described is characteristic of a malware tactic known as scareware, where users are tricked into installing malware through false alerts claiming that their system is infected. The anti-malware software installed in response to a pop-up is likely malicious, causing the system to run slowly and display frequent pop-ups.

When a user's cursor is moving on its own and unauthorized data transfer is occurring, the first step a technician should take is to Quarantine the workstation. This involves isolating the affected system from the network to prevent the spread of malware or unauthorized access to other parts of the network. Quarantining helps in containing the threat and provides a safe environment to investigate and remediate the issue without risking further contamination or data loss​​.

The Network and Sharing Center in the Control Panel is the central place to manage network connections and settings in Windows. When facing issues with accessing a mapped drive, this utility allows users to review and adjust network settings, making it possible to resolve connectivity problems. It provides options to view network status, set up new connections, change adapter settings, and troubleshoot network problems, which can help in enabling connectivity to the mapped drive on the Windows XP machine.

The most likely reason for an error message stating "Not compatible with OS" during a software installation is that the installation requires administrative rights. Many software installations, especially those that affect system files or install drivers, require administrative privileges to execute correctly. Without these rights, the installer cannot make the necessary changes to the system, leading to such error messages​​.

Turning off inheritance on the specific folder requested by the manager and setting the requested permissions, followed by turning on inheritance under the child folders, ensures that only the immediate team has access to the confidential material while maintaining the broader permissions structure for other folders and files. This action isolates the folder's permissions from the top-level inheritance, providing a focused security measure for sensitive content.

The error "This site cannot be reached" often indicates a problem with DNS (Domain Name System) resolution, where the browser is unable to translate a website's domain name into its corresponding IP address. Since the laptop was set to use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) at home, it's possible that it's not receiving the correct DNS server information from the home network, or the DNS servers it was using at work are not accessible from the home network.

DNS: Checking and possibly correcting the DNS settings to ensure they are appropriate for the home network might resolve the browsing issue. The user can try using public DNS servers like those provided by Google (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4) or Cloudflare (1.1.1.1) if the default DNS servers provided by the home ISP are not working properly.

HTTPS (A) is a protocol for secure communication over a computer network but is not something that needs to be configured on the user's end to solve this type of issue. VLAN (B) stands for Virtual Local Area Network and is more related to network segmentation and management within larger networks, not typically applicable to home internet issues. SMTP (D) stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, which is used for sending emails, not for general web browsing issues.

To prevent security issues related to an employee using the same password for multiple applications and websites, implementing expiration policies (B) is best. Password expiration policies require users to change their passwords at regular intervals, which helps to mitigate the risks associated with password reuse. Regularly changing passwords reduces the chances of unauthorized access from compromised credentials​​.

When a WAP (Wireless Access Point) mesh network is experiencing a higher than anticipated amount of traffic, leading to degraded network service, upgrading the network to a more advanced wireless standard can help alleviate the problem. The 802.11n specification, also known as Wireless-N, offers significant improvements over earlier standards like 802.11b/g in terms of speed, range, and reliability. It allows for increased data throughput and better coverage, which can support a higher number of wireless users effectively.

Upgrading to 802.11n: This involves replacing existing WAPs with those that support the 802.11n standard or higher. The upgrade can result in improved network performance by accommodating more wireless connections with higher data rates, reducing congestion and improving overall network efficiency.

Replacing non-mobile users' laptops with wired desktop systems (A) could reduce wireless traffic but may not be feasible or desirable for all users. Increasing the wireless network adapter metric (B) would affect route priority but not overall network capacity. Adding wireless repeaters (C) can extend the range but might also introduce additional latency and does not necessarily increase the network's capacity to handle more users efficiently.

The pwd command, which stands for "print working directory," is used in Linux and Unix-like operating systems to display the current directory in which the user is operating. This command outputs the full pathname of the current working directory, helping users to understand their current location in the filesystem hierarchy.

pwd: When executed, it provides the absolute path of the directory you're currently in, which is useful for navigation and scripting purposes.

Other options listed:

dig: This command is used for querying DNS name servers for information about host addresses, mail exchanges, name servers, and related information.

find: This command is used to search for files in a directory hierarchy based on specified criteria (such as name, modification date, size, etc.).

cat: Short for "concatenate," this command is used to read the contents of files and output them to the terminal.

Time Machine is a backup feature available in macOS that automatically makes hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups for all previous months to an external drive or NAS. It allows users to recover the entire system or specific files from any point in time, ensuring access to multiple versions of files. This feature is particularly useful for reverting to earlier versions of a document or recovering a file that has been accidentally deleted or altered. The other options, such as Multiple Desktops, Remote Disc, and FileVault, do not provide versioning capabilities for file access.

When a smartphone is unable to download and install the latest OS update and is operating slower than expected, one of the first things to check is the available storage space. Operating system updates often require a significant amount of free space for downloading and installing, and insufficient space can prevent the update process from initiating or completing.

Available Storage Space: Smartphones use their internal storage to hold the OS, apps, user data, and temporary files needed for updates. If the storage is nearly full, the device can slow down due to the lack of space for writing temporary files and may not have enough space to download and install updates. Clearing up space can resolve these issues.

Checking application permissions (A) might be relevant for specific app-related issues but is less likely to affect OS updates. The battery charge level (C) can affect the initiation of an update, as some devices require a minimum charge level to start the update process, but it doesn't typically cause slow operation. While a stable Wi-Fi connection (D) is necessary for downloading updates, it's less likely to be the cause of slowed operation and update issues compared to insufficient storage space.

The "tracert" command is used to view the path that network traffic takes from a PC to a specified destination. It is helpful in identifying where along the path the traffic may be failing or experiencing delays. In the scenario where a customer service representative can't send jobs to a remote printer but can print locally, "tracert" can help diagnose if there's a network routing issue affecting the connection to the remote branch office.

An image backup captures a complete snapshot of the entire system at a specific point in time, including the operating system, installed applications, user profiles, and system settings. This method is most suitable for backing up the components listed in the question because it ensures that every aspect of the workstation, from the core OS to individual user settings, is preserved and can be restored in its entirety. This is crucial for quickly recovering a system to a fully operational state after a failure or when migrating to new hardware. Other methods like differential, synthetic, and archive backups do not provide the comprehensive one-step restoration capability that an image backup offers for the complete system recovery.

DNS (Domain Name System) lookups are essential for translating human-friendly domain names into IP addresses that computers use to communicate. DNS typically uses port 53 for its communication.

In the provided firewall output, various ports are either allowed or blocked for outgoing traffic. For DNS recursion, which is the process of resolving domain names to IP addresses, port 53 must be open.

Port 53: This is the standard port used by DNS for queries and responses. The fact that it is currently blocked (as per the firewall output) is the reason why DNS lookups are failing. Opening port 53 will allow the DNS requests to pass through the firewall, enabling the resolution of domain names to IP addresses.

Other ports mentioned in the output are used for different services and protocols:

Port 1 is generally not used for standard services.

Port 445 is associated with SMB (Server Message Block) for file sharing in Windows environments.

Port 123 is used by NTP (Network Time Protocol) for time synchronization.

Port 80 is used for HTTP traffic, which is web traffic but not related to DNS lookups.

Group Policy is a feature in Windows that allows network administrators to manage and configure operating system, application settings, and user settings in an Active Directory environment. It can enforce password policies across the network, including password length requirements, making it the best tool for ensuring compliance with security policies.

For a company with geographically dispersed staff and the need to keep devices updated, using cloud-based endpoint management software is the most efficient method. This type of software allows IT administrators to remotely manage and push updates to company devices, regardless of their location. It ensures that all devices remain up to date with the latest security patches and software updates without requiring physical access or user intervention. This approach is scalable, reduces the risk of unpatched vulnerabilities, and is convenient for both the IT department and the end-users.

To mitigate brute-force attacks, implementing a failed log-in lockout feature is effective. This security measure temporarily disables user accounts after a specified number of unsuccessful login attempts, preventing attackers from continuously trying different password combinations to gain unauthorized access.

To safely upgrade the Microsoft Windows 10 OS, it is essential to backup critical data (C) and ensure that you have the necessary device drivers (D). Backing up critical data protects against potential data loss during the upgrade process. Having the correct device drivers ensures that the hardware components function properly with the new OS version, preventing issues like loss of functionality or compatibility problems​​.

When an email is encrypted and the recipient cannot open it, the issue typically revolves around the need for encryption keys. Encryption keys are used to encode and decode the email content, ensuring that only authorized recipients with the correct key can access the information. In this scenario, the user would need to receive the appropriate decryption key from the sender to unlock and read the encrypted email. This exchange ensures that sensitive information remains secure during transmission and is only accessible to intended recipients.

Given that the smartphone's screen was recently repaired and now experiences issues with Wi-Fi connectivity, despite showing that it is connected to a network, the problem could be related to the internal antenna connections that might have been disturbed or disconnected during the repair process.

Internal Antenna Connections: Smartphones use internal antennas for Wi-Fi and cellular connections. If these antennas are not properly connected, the device may show as connected to a Wi-Fi network but fail to transmit data effectively, resulting in no internet access.

Checking static IP settings (B) would be relevant if the device were not obtaining an IP address at all, but the device does have an IP address. Airplane mode (C) would prevent the device from connecting to Wi-Fi networks entirely. Digitizer calibration (D) is related to the touchscreen functionality and would not affect Wi-Fi connectivity.

To enforce a security policy that prohibits USB drives on user workstations, the network administrator should run the gpupdate (C) command. This command forces a Group Policy update, which can include policies to disable USB drives. Group Policy is a feature in Microsoft Windows that allows for centralized management and configuration of operating systems, applications, and users' settings in an Active Directory environment​​.

For scripted network installations requiring new SSDs and keeping HDDs as backup, the necessary tools are: 'net use' to connect to network shares, 'robocopy' to copy files efficiently from the network share to the local drive, and 'diskpart' to manage disk partitions, including initializing and formatting the new SSD. The other options are not relevant to the installation process as described.

After rebooting the phone, connecting to Wi-Fi, and disabling metered data, the next step the technician should take is to Clear the cache (D). Clearing the cache can resolve issues with the phone's performance and is often necessary before updating software to ensure that the updates can be downloaded and installed without issues. It removes temporary files that may be interfering with the update process​​.

To implement a system that handles both authentication and authorization, TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is the best option. TACACS+ is a security protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) services for networked access control, meeting the requirement for both authentication and authorization management.

The most important environmental control to maintain the safety of a data center is Temperature control (A). Proper temperature control is crucial to prevent overheating, which can lead to hardware failure, reduced performance, and shortened equipment lifespan. Data centers house high-density computing equipment that generates significant amounts of heat, making effective temperature management essential for maintaining operational stability and reliability​​.

For a company looking to transition away from face-to-face meetings, videoconferencing and screen-sharing software would be most beneficial.

Videoconferencing software allows participants to conduct virtual meetings with audio and video capabilities, effectively simulating a face-to-face interaction without the need for physical presence. This can greatly reduce travel costs and time while maintaining the personal touch of meetings.

Screen-sharing enables participants in a virtual meeting to view one another's computer screens in real time. This is particularly useful for presentations, collaborative work, and troubleshooting, as it allows for a more interactive and engaging meeting experience.

Both technologies support the company's goal of leveraging modern technology to enhance communication and collaboration while reducing reliance on physical meetings.

The operating systems designed for smartphones include iOS and Android. iOS is developed by Apple Inc. for its iPhone range, while Android, developed by Google, is used across a variety of devices from different manufacturers. Both operating systems are specifically tailored to provide a mobile computing experience, with interfaces, applications, and functionalities designed for touchscreen input and mobile hardware​​.

The IT manager's caution regarding the new applications not having a detrimental effect on company finances points directly to concerns about the business impact. This encompasses potential costs associated with upgrading legacy systems, compatibility issues that might arise from running new applications on old infrastructure, and the risks of system downtime or reduced performance affecting business operations. The focus here is on ensuring that the integration of new applications into the legacy system does not incur unexpected expenses or disrupt critical business processes.

A system image is a complete snapshot of everything on a device's storage at a given point in time, including the operating system, installed programs, system settings, and all user files. This method is the best way to back up the OS and data comprehensively because it allows for the restoration of a system to its exact state at the time the image was taken. This is particularly useful in disaster recovery scenarios where it's crucial to restore a system quickly and efficiently to minimize downtime.

Configuring a static IP address for a network printer in a SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) environment ensures that the printer maintains the same IP address over time. This consistency is crucial for networked devices like printers, as computers and other devices rely on this specific address to connect to the printer. If the printer's IP address were to change (as it might with DHCP), devices would no longer be able to communicate with it without reconfiguration.

Static IP: Assigning a static IP address to the printer ensures it always uses the same IP, making it reliably accessible to all computers in the house regardless of network changes or router reboots.

DNS settings (A) are generally not necessary to configure directly on most network printers unless you're dealing with advanced network configurations or using the printer for scanning to email functions. WWAN (C) stands for Wireless Wide Area Network, which is not typically relevant for a standard network printer setup in a home or small office. Metered connection (D) is a Windows feature that helps reduce data usage on a connection, it's not relevant to configuring a printer's network settings.

When an Android device experiences slow boot times and application crashes after installing apps from a third-party website, scanning the system for malware is a critical first step. Third-party sources can often host malicious software that can compromise device performance and security. A malware scan can identify and remove such threats, potentially resolving the performance issues and application instability. Clearing the web browser cache, enrolling the device in an MDM system, and confirming app compatibility are useful steps but do not address the immediate concern of potential malware introduced by third-party app installations.

The app file type is designed to run under macOS as an application file bundle. macOS uses application bundles to store executable files and related resources, such as libraries, image files, and localized content, in a single directory hierarchy. This approach simplifies application management and execution within the macOS environment​​.

The Ease of Access Center is a built-in utility in Windows that provides tools and options for making a computer easier to use for individuals with disabilities, including the visually impaired. In the Ease of Access Center, the technician can turn on options like high contrast display, screen magnification, and screen reader software to help the user better interact with the computer.

When a user experiences unexpected or erratic behavior while browsing the internet, it could be caused by the DNS servers. DNS translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses, which computers can use to communicate with web servers. If the DNS servers are not functioning correctly or have been compromised, it can result in the browser being redirected to unintended websites.

EAP-TLS is a method of authentication that uses certificates to establish a secure tunnel between the client and the server3. The certificates have a validity period and must be renewed before they expire1. If the user has been on an extended leave and has not logged in to the computer in several months, it is possible that the certificate on the client or the server has expired and needs to be renewed2. The other options are not directly related to EAP-TLS authentication or 802.1X network access.

The most likely agreement in use here is a EULA (End User License Agreement). This is a legally binding agreement between the user and the software developer, outlining the terms and conditions that the user must agree to in order to use the software. It is important that the user understands and agrees to the EULA before they can proceed with downloading and installing the software. As stated in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 exam objectives, users should be aware of the EULA before downloading any software.

 The company is experiencing a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. A DDoS attack is a type of cyber attack in which multiple compromised systems are used to target a single system, causing a denial of service for users of the targeted system.

Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a security measure that requires users to provide multiple pieces of evidence when logging in to an account or system. This can include a combination of something the user knows (e.g. a password or PIN), something the user has (e.g. a security token or smartphone) and something the user is (e.g. biometrics such as a fingerprint or face scan). By enabling MFA, the systems administrator can ensure that users are required to provide multiple pieces of evidence when logging in, making it more difficult for unauthorized users to gain access to the system. This can help reduce the number of help desk tickets submitted due to forgotten passwords.

The CompTIA A+ Core 2 220-1002 exam covers this topic in the following domains: 1.2 Given a scenario, use appropriate resources to support users and 1.3 Explain the importance of security awareness.

To create a secondary login with different permissions in Windows 10, the user should utilize the Accounts setting. Here are the steps to create a new user account with different permissions:

Right-click the Windows Start menu button.

Select Control Panel.

Select User Accounts.

Select Manage another account.

Select Add a new user in PC settings.

Use the Accounts dialog box to configure a new account.1

 The technician should run the System File Checker (SFC) first to correct file corruption errors on computers after a power outage. SFC is a command-line utility that scans for and repairs corrupted system files. It can be run from the command prompt or from the Windows Recovery Environment. Rebuilding the Windows profiles, restoring the computers from backup, and reimaging the computers are more drastic measures that should be taken only if SFC fails to correct the issue1

End-of-life operating systems are those which have reached the end of their life cycle and are no longer supported by the software developer. This means that the operating system will no longer receive updates, security patches, or other new features. This can leave users vulnerable to security threats, as the system will no longer be protected against the latest threats. Additionally, this can make it difficult to migrate data to a newer operating system, as the old system is no longer supported.

MDM stands for Mobile Device Management, and it is a way of remotely managing and securing mobile devices that are used for work purposes1. MDM can enforce policies and restrictions on the devices, such as preventing users from installing unauthorized apps, modifying system settings, or accessing root privileges2. MDM can also monitor device status, wipe data, lock devices, or locate lost or stolen devices1.

To accomplish this task, the technician should use a Full backup method1

A full backup only requires two sets of tapes to restore because it backs up all the data from the workstation. With a differential backup, the backups need to be taken multiple times over a period of time, so more tapes would be needed to restore the data1

When disposing of non-compliant Ethernet cards, the most environmentally friendly option is to use a dumpster for recycling plastics. This method is the most effective way to reduce the amount of waste that is sent to landfills, and it also helps to reduce the amount of energy used in the production of new materials. Additionally, recycling plastics helps to reduce the amount of toxic chemicals that can be released into the environment.

According to CompTIA A+ Core 2 documents, "The most environmentally friendly disposal method for non-compliant Ethernet cards is to use a dumpster for recycling plastics. This method is the most effective way to reduce the amount of waste that is sent to landfills, and it also helps to reduce the amount of energy used in the production of new materials."

https://sustainability.yale.edu/blog/how-sustainably-dispose-your-technological-waste

The support representative should send a quick message regarding the delay to the next customer. This will help the next customer understand the situation and adjust their schedule accordingly.

A technician setting up a new laptop must ensure that users cannot install virtual machines as the company's security policy states  One way to prevent users from enabling virtual technology is by implementing Secure Boot. Secure Boot is a feature of UEFI firmware that ensures the system only boots using firmware that is trusted by the manufacturer. It verifies the signature of all bootloaders, operating systems, and drivers before running them, preventing any unauthorized modifications to the boot process. This will help prevent users from installing virtual machines on the laptop without authorization.

Logging into a user's account without their explicit permission is a violation of the acceptable use policy, which outlines the rules and regulations by which a user must abide while using a computer system. By logging into the user's account without their permission, the technician would be violating this policy. Additionally, this action could be seen as a breach of confidentiality, as the technician would have access to information that should remain confidential.

The change management document that includes how to uninstall a patch is called the “rollback plan”. The rollback plan is a document that outlines the steps that should be taken to undo a change that has been made to a system. In the case of a patch, the rollback plan would include instructions on how to uninstall the patch if it causes problems or conflicts with other software12

BitLocker is a disk encryption tool that can be used to encrypt the hard drive of a Windows laptop. This will protect the data stored on the drive in the event that the laptop is lost or stolen, and will help to reduce the risk of data loss. Additionally, BitLocker can be configured to require a PIN or other authentication in order to unlock the drive, providing an additional layer of security.

 If a technician suspects high disk I/O, the technician should use the Resource Monitor (resmon.exe) to identify the process that is causing the high disk I/O1. Resource Monitor provides detailed information about the system’s resource usage, including disk I/O1. The technician can use this information to identify the process that is causing the high disk I/O and take appropriate action1.

 The administrator can use Virtual Network Computing (VNC) to troubleshoot the server effectively. VNC is a graphical desktop sharing system that allows the administrator to remotely control the desktop of a Linux server. 

The OS utility used to change the color of the cursor in Windows is Ease of Access Center12

The user can change the cursor color by opening the Settings app, selecting Accessibility in the left sidebar, selecting Mouse pointer and touch under Vision, and choosing one of the cursor options. The user can select Custom to pick a color and use the Size slider to make the cursor larger or smaller12

The Ease of Access Center in the Windows OS provides accessibility options for users with disabilities or impairments. One of these options allows the user to change the color and size of the cursor, making it more visible and easier to locate on the screen. The Keyboard and Touchpad settings do not offer the option to change cursor color, and Display Settings are used to adjust the resolution and other properties of the display. Therefore, C is the best answer. This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Accessibility section.

The issue is specific to the user’s profile, so the technician should rebuild the profile. Rebuilding the profile will create a new profile and transfer the user’s data to the new profile1

Apple Remote Desktop is a remote access solution that allows a user to access and control another macOS computer from their Windows workstation. It provides a graphical user interface so that the analyst can easily access the server software running on the macOS server. Apple Remote Desktop also supports file transfers, so the analyst can easily transfer files between the two computers. Additionally, Apple Remote Desktop supports encryption, so data is secure during transmission.

To delete an empty directory, enter rd Directory or rmdir Directory . If the directory is not empty, you can remove files and subdirectories from it using the /s switch. You can also use the /q switch to suppress confirmation messages (quiet mode).

NFC stands for Near Field Communication, and it is a wireless technology that allows your phone to act as a contactless payment device, among other things2. Payment applications that allow payments to be made with a mobile device usually rely on NFC to communicate with the payment terminal1. Therefore, if NFC is disabled on the phone, the payment will not work. To enable NFC on an Android phone, you need to follow these steps3:

On your Android device, open the Settings app.

Select Connected devices.

Tap on Connection preferences.

You should see the NFC option. Toggle it on.

The other options are not directly related to using a payment application with a mobile device. Airplane mode is a setting that disables all wireless communication on the phone, including NFC4, but it also affects calls, texts, and internet access. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows you to connect your phone with other devices such as headphones or speakers, but it is not used for contactless payments. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that allows you to access the internet or a local network, but it is also not used for contactless payments. Location services are a feature that allows your phone to determine your geographic location using GPS or other methods, but they are not required for contactless payments.

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/common-file-name-extensions-in-windows-da4a4430-8e76-89c5-59f7-1cdbbc75cb01

 .pkg and .dmg are files used to distribute and install applications on macOS. .pkg files are installer packages that may contain multiple files and executable code, while .dmg files are disk images that can contain a single bundled application or multiple applications. .app files are typically the main executable files for macOS applications. The other options listed are file extensions for applications or installers on other platforms (such as .deb for Debian-based Linux systems, .msi for Windows, and .apk for Android). This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Mac OS section.

A name on a medical diagnosis (B) is most likely to be regulated. This is because it falls under the category of protected health information (PHI), which is subject to regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States. These regulations aim to protect the privacy and security of individuals’ health information.

Vishing, also known as voice phishing, is a type of social engineering attack where the attacker tricks the victim into divulging sensitive information over the phone. In this case, the attacker tricked the user into providing login credentials for a website.

Encryption is a way of protecting cardholder data by transforming it into an unreadable format that can only be decrypted with a secret key1. Backups are a way of ensuring that cardholder data is not lost or corrupted in case of a disaster or system failure2. Both encryption and backups are part of the PCI DSS requirements that apply to any entity that stores, processes, or transmits cardholder data1. The other options are not directly related to credit card data security or compliance.

The technician would most likely use the Task Manager tool to safely make this change12

The Task Manager tool can be used to disable applications from starting automatically on Windows 10

The tool that a technician would most likely use to stop an application from automatically starting when a user logs in to a Windows 10 system is the Task Manager. The Task Manager can be used to view and manage processes, including those that are set to automatically start when a user logs in to the system.

Changing the network channel is the best solution to minimize the issue of employees and patients not being the only people on the Wi-Fi network5

References: 3. Sample CompTIA Security+ exam questions and answers. Retrieved from https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/quiz/Sample-CompTIA-Security-exam-questions-and-answers

In Windows 10, there are privacy settings that control access to certain devices, such as microphones, cameras, and other input devices. If the microphone is not enabled under these privacy settings, the VoIP application may not have access to it, causing a lack of outgoing audio.

The technician can go to the Windows 10 Settings menu, select the Privacy submenu, and under App permissions, select Microphone. The technician should then turn on the toggle switch for the VoIP application to allow it to access the microphone.

Removing the microphone from the USB hub and plugging it directly into a USB port on the PC may or may not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Deleting the microphone from Device Manager and scanning for new hardware may also not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Replacing the USB microphone with one that uses a traditional 3.5mm plug is not recommended, as it would require purchasing a new microphone and may not solve the issue.

Although updating the anti-malware software and running scans are important steps in removing malware, they may not be sufficient to permanently remove the malware if the user keeps engaging in behaviors that leave the system vulnerable, such as downloading unknown files or visiting malicious websites. Therefore, educating the user on safe computing practices is the best way to prevent future infections and permanently remove the malware.

Enabling System Restore, Booting into safe mode, and scheduling a scan are not the most efficient ways to permanently remove the malware. Enabling System Restore and Booting into safe mode may help in some cases, but they may not be sufficient to permanently remove the malware. Scheduling a scan is also important for detecting and removing malware, but it may not be sufficient to prevent future infections.

https://partners.comptia.org/docs/default-source/resources/comptia-a-220-1102-exam-objectives-(3-0)

Remote wipe capabilities are used to erase all data on a mobile device remotely. This can be useful in situations where a device is lost or stolen, or when sensitive data needs to be removed from a device. Remote wipe capabilities are most likely to be used in the following scenarios:

E. A user cannot locate the phone after attending a play at a theater. F. A user forgot the phone in a taxi, and the driver called the company to return the device1

In scenario E, remote wipe capabilities would be used to prevent unauthorized access to the device and to protect sensitive data. In scenario F, remote wipe capabilities would be used to erase all data on the device before it is returned to the user.

The best solution for a technician to implement is to disable the browser from sending notifications to the Action Center. This will prevent the random advertisement notifications from appearing in the Windows 10 Action Center, which can be annoying and distracting for the user. The technician can follow these steps to disable the browser notifications1:

Open the browser that is sending the notifications, such as Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, or Mozilla Firefox.

Go to the browser settings or options menu, and look for the privacy and security section.

Find the option to manage site permissions or notifications, and click on it.

You will see a list of sites that are allowed or blocked from sending notifications to the browser and the Action Center. You can either block all sites from sending notifications, or select specific sites that you want to block or allow.

Save the changes and close the browser settings.

This solution is better than the other options because:

Running a full antivirus scan on the computer (B) is not necessary, as the advertisement notifications are not malicious or harmful, and they are not caused by a virus or malware infection. Running a scan will not stop the notifications from appearing, and it will consume system resources and time.

Disabling all Action Center notifications © is not advisable, as the Action Center is a useful feature that shows notifications and alerts from various apps and system events, such as email, calendar, security, updates, etc. Disabling all notifications will make the user miss important information and reminders, and reduce the functionality of the Action Center.

Moving specific site notifications from Allowed to Block (D) is not the best solution, as it will only stop the notifications from some sites, but not from others. The user may still receive advertisement notifications from other sites that are not blocked, or from new sites that are added to the Allowed list. This solution will also require the user to manually manage the list of sites, which can be tedious and time-consuming.

References:

1: How to Disable Annoying Browser Notifications - PCMag

A knowledge base is a centralized repository of information that can be used by technicians to find solutions to common problems, best practices, troubleshooting guides, and other useful resources12. Updating the knowledge base with the details of the issue and the resolution can help other technicians who encounter similar issues in the future. It can also reduce the number of tickets and improve customer satisfaction3.

References1: The Official CompTIA A+ Core 2 Student Guide (Exam 220-1102), page 10-11 2: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 13 3: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Certification Study Guide, page 10-12

Phishing is the correct answer for this question. Phishing is a type of attack that uses fraudulent emails or other messages to trick users into revealing sensitive information or installing malicious software. Phishing emails often impersonate legitimate entities or individuals and offer incentives or threats to lure users into clicking on malicious links or attachments. In this scenario, the user received a removable USB device in the mail as a prize, which could be a phishing attempt to infect the user’s computer with malware or gain access to the user’s data. Dumpster diving, tailgating, and evil twin are not correct answers for this question. Dumpster diving is a type of attack that involves searching through trash bins or recycling containers to find discarded documents or devices that contain valuable information. Tailgating is a type of attack that involves following an authorized person into a restricted area without proper identification or authorization. Evil twin is a type of attack that involves setting up a rogue wireless access point that mimics a legitimate one to intercept or manipulate network traffic. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 25

[CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Certification Study Guide], page 1004

MFA stands for multi-factor authentication, which is an electronic authentication method that requires the user to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a resource such as an application, online account, or a VPN1. MFA provides security enhancement by making it harder for attackers to compromise the user’s identity or credentials, as they would need to obtain more than just the username and password. MFA can also prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data or resources, as well as reduce the risk of identity theft or fraud2. 

Event Viewer is a Microsoft tool that records and displays system events, errors, warnings, and information. Event Viewer can help troubleshoot and diagnose problems, such as unexpected shutdowns, by showing the details of what happened before, during, and after the incident. Event Viewer can also show the source of the event, such as an application, a service, a driver, or a hardware device. By using Event Viewer, a technician can identify the root cause of the unexpected shutdown, such as a power failure, a thermal event, a driver conflict, or a malware infection. 

The best option for the technician to demonstrate proper communication techniques and professionalism is to contact the customer if the technician is arriving late. This shows respect for the customer’s time and expectations, and allows the customer to adjust their schedule accordingly. It also helps to maintain a positive relationship and trust between the technician and the customer. The technician should apologize for the delay and provide a realistic estimate of their arrival time. The technician should also thank the customer for their patience and understanding.

The other options are not appropriate or professional. Do not notify the customer if arriving before the customer is not a good practice, as it may cause confusion or frustration for the customer. The customer may have made other plans or arrangements based on the technician’s original schedule, and may not be available or prepared for the service. Dismiss the customer and proceed with the after-hours work is rude and disrespectful, as it ignores the customer’s needs and preferences. The customer may have questions or concerns about the service, or may want to supervise or verify the work. The technician should always communicate with the customer before, during, and after the service. Disclose the experience via social media is unethical and unprofessional, as it may violate the customer’s privacy and the company’s policies. The technician should not share any confidential or sensitive information about the customer or the service on social media, or make any negative or inappropriate comments about the customer or the situation.

References:

CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives1

CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Certification Study Guide2

8 Ways You Can Improve Your Communication Skills3

Professionalism in Communication | How To Do It And How It Pays4

Pathping is the best command-line tool to provide the most detailed information for investigating the network performance issue further. Pathping is a utility that combines the functions of ping and tracert, which are two other command-line tools that test network connectivity and latency. Pathping sends packets to each router on the path to a destination and then computes results based on the packets returned from each hop. Pathping can show the route taken by the packets, the number of hops, the latency of each hop, and the packet loss percentage. This information can help the systems administrator identify where the network problem occurs and how severe it is. Ipconfig, arp, and nslookup are not as useful as pathping for this task. Ipconfig shows the configuration of the network interface card, such as IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. Arp shows the mapping of IP addresses to MAC addresses in the local network. Nslookup queries DNS servers for domain name resolution. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 21

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 457

A content filter is a device or software that blocks or allows access to web pages based on predefined criteria, such as keywords, categories, or ratings. A content filter can also create a log of the blocked or allowed web requests, which can help the management team monitor and audit the web usage of their employees. A content filter is different from the other options because:

A screened subnet is a network segment that is protected by two firewalls, one facing the internet and one facing the internal network. A screened subnet can isolate servers or hosts that need to be accessed from both sides, such as a web server or a bastion host. A screened subnet does not filter web content based on predefined criteria, but rather on network addresses, ports, and protocols.

Port forwarding is a technique that allows a router to forward packets from one port to another port, usually on a different device. Port forwarding can enable remote access to services or applications that are hosted on a private network, such as a web server or a game server. Port forwarding does not filter web content based on predefined criteria, but rather on destination ports and addresses.

An access control list (ACL) is a set of rules that defines which packets are allowed or denied on a network device, such as a router or a firewall. An ACL can filter packets based on source and destination addresses, ports, protocols, and other criteria. An ACL can also create a log of the matched or unmatched packets, which can help the management team troubleshoot and secure their network. An ACL does not filter web content based on predefined criteria, but rather on packet headers and fields.

Temperature and humidity levels are the most important environmental factors to consider when planning the configuration of a data center, as they directly affect the performance, reliability, and energy efficiency of the IT equipment. Excessive heat or moisture can cause overheating, corrosion, condensation, or static electricity, which can damage the hardware and lead to data loss or service disruption. Therefore, data centers need to monitor and control the temperature and humidity levels within the recommended ranges by using various cooling systems, airflow management, and sensors12.

References: 1 5 Factors to Consider for Data Center Environmental Monitoring(https://community.fs.com/blog/5-factors-to-consider-for-data-center-environmental-monitoring.html)2 Data Center Environmental standards and Controls - DataSpan(https://dataspan.com/blog/data-center-environmental-standards/).

One of the common reasons for a slow smartphone performance is having too many apps installed and running in the background. These apps consume the device’s memory (RAM) and CPU resources, which can affect the speed and responsiveness of the phone. Rebooting the phone can temporarily clear the RAM and stop some background processes, but they may resume after a while. Connecting to a different network does not affect the performance of the phone, unless the network is congested or has a poor signal. The user can improve the phone’s performance by uninstalling unused apps, clearing app caches, and restricting background activities12. Malware can also slow down a phone, but it is not the most likely cause in this scenario, as the user does not report any other symptoms of infection, such as pop-ups, battery drain, or data usage spikes3. Jailbreaking a phone can also affect its performance, but it is not a cause, rather a consequence, of the user’s actions. Jailbreaking is the process of removing the manufacturer’s restrictions on a phone, which allows the user to install unauthorized apps, customize the system, and access root privileges4. However, jailbreaking also exposes the phone to security risks, voids the warranty, and may cause instability or compatibility issues5.

References1: Speed up a slow Android device - Android Help - Google Help2: Why your phone slows down over time and what you can do to stop it | TechRadar3: How to tell if your phone has a virus | Norton4: What is Jailbreaking? - Definition from Techopedia5: What is Jailbreaking an iPhone? – Lifewire

Linux is the most commonly used operating system in embedded systems because it is open source, free, customizable, and supports a wide range of architectures and devices. Linux also offers many advantages for embedded development, such as real-time capabilities, modularity, security, scalability, and reliability. Linux can run on embedded systems with limited resources, such as memory, storage, or power, and can be tailored to the specific needs of the application. Linux also has a large and active community of developers and users who contribute to its improvement and innovation. Some examples of embedded systems that use Linux are smart TVs, routers, drones, robots, smart watches, and IoT devices

Installing new software on an organization’s system or device can have various implications, such as compatibility, security, performance, licensing, and compliance issues. Therefore, it is important to follow the best practices for software installation, such as doing research on the software, checking the system requirements, scanning the installation file for malware, and obtaining the proper license345. The technician should not install the software without formal approval from the management team, as this could violate the organization’s policies or regulations. The technician should also not install the software without investigating the software and its impact on the organization, as this could introduce potential risks or problems to the system or device. The technician should indicate to the developer that formal approval is needed, and then work with the IT team to evaluate the software and its suitability for the organization before installing it

The first mitigation step that a technician should take when a machine is suspected to contain ransomware is to quarantine the system. This means isolating the infected machine from the network and other devices, to prevent the ransomware from spreading and encrypting more data. The technician can quarantine the system by disconnecting the network cable, turning off the wireless adapter, or using firewall rules to block the traffic from and to the machine12.

This step is more important than the other options because:

Disabling System Restore (A) is not a priority, as it will not stop the ransomware from running or spreading. System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state, but it may not work if the ransomware has encrypted or deleted the restore points. Moreover, disabling System Restore may prevent the user from recovering some data or settings in the future13.

Remediating the system (B) is the ultimate goal, but it cannot be done before quarantining the system. Remediating the system means removing the ransomware, restoring the data, and fixing the vulnerabilities that allowed the attack. However, this process requires careful analysis, planning, and execution, and it may not be possible if the ransomware is still active and communicating with the attackers. Therefore, the technician should first isolate the system and then proceed with the remediation steps12.

Educating the system user © is a preventive measure, but it is not a mitigation step. Educating the system user means raising awareness and providing training on how to avoid ransomware attacks, such as by recognizing phishing emails, avoiding suspicious links or attachments, and updating and patching the system regularly. However, this step will not help if the system is already infected, and it may not be effective if the user is not willing or able to follow the best practices. Therefore, the technician should focus on resolving the current incident and then educate the user as part of the recovery plan14.

References:

1: How to Mitigate Ransomware Attacks in 10 Steps - Heimdal Security1 2: 3 steps to prevent and recover from ransomware | Microsoft Security Blog3 3: How to use System Restore on Windows 10 | Windows Central5 4: Ransomware Mitigation | Prevention and Mitigation Strategies - Delinea4

The Processes tab in the Task Manager shows all the running processes on the computer, including applications and background services. The user can use this tab to identify the unresponsive application and end its process by right-clicking on it and selecting End task. This will free up the system resources and close the application. The other tabs in the Task Manager do not allow the user to address the situation. The Startup tab shows the programs that run when the computer starts, the Performance tab shows the system resource usage and statistics, and the Application history tab shows the resource usage of the applications over time

Isolating the machine from the network is a good practice when troubleshooting a PC that is suspected of being infected with malware. This can prevent the malware from spreading to other devices on the network or communicating with external servers that may control or exploit the malware. Isolating the machine can be done by disconnecting the network cable, disabling the wireless adapter, or blocking the network traffic with a firewall.

The best course of action for the technician is to restore the defaults and reimage the corporate OS on the device. This will remove the jailbreak and any unauthorized or malicious apps that may have been installed on the device, as well as restore the security features and policies that the company has set for its devices. This will also ensure that the device can receive the latest updates and patches from the manufacturer and the company, and prevent any data leakage or compromise from the device.

Jailbreaking is a process of bypassing the built-in security features of a device to install software other than what the manufacturer has made available for that device1. Jailbreaking allows the device owner to gain full access to the root of the operating system and access all the features1. However, jailbreaking also exposes the device to various risks, such as:

The loss of warranty from the device manufacturers2.

Inability to update software until a jailbroken version becomes available2.

Increased security vulnerabilities32.

Decreased battery life2.

Increased volatility of the device2.

Some of the signs of a jailbroken device are:

A high number of ads, which may indicate the presence of adware or spyware on the device3.

Receiving data-usage limit notifications, which may indicate the device is sending or receiving data in the background without the user’s knowledge or consent3.

Experiencing slow response, which may indicate the device is running unauthorized or malicious apps that consume resources or interfere with the normal functioning of the device3.

Finding apps or icons that the user did not install or recognize, such as Cydia, which is a storefront for jailbroken iOS devices1.

The other options are not sufficient or appropriate for dealing with a jailbroken device. Running an antivirus and enabling encryption may not detect or remove all the threats or vulnerabilities that the jailbreak has introduced, and may not restore the device to its original state or functionality. Backing up the files and doing a system restore may not erase the jailbreak or the unauthorized apps, and may also backup the infected or compromised files. Undoing the jailbreak and enabling an antivirus may not be possible or effective, as the jailbreak may prevent the device from updating or installing security software, and may also leave traces of the jailbreak or the unauthorized apps on the device.

References:

CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives4

CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Certification Study Guide5

What is Jailbreaking & Is it safe? - Kaspersky1

Is Jailbreaking Safe? The ethics, risks and rewards involved - Comparitech3

Jailbreaking : Security risks and moving past them2

The most likely cause of the user’s laptop issues is that it has been infected by some type of malware or ransomware. Malware and ransomware are malicious software that can harm, exploit, or disrupt devices or networks12. They can cause symptoms such as slow performance, browser redirects, pop-up windows, data encryption, or ransom demands12. Therefore, the first step a technician should take to resolve the issue is to scan the laptop for malware and ransomware using a reliable and updated anti-malware tool34. This can help identify and remove any malicious software that may be present on the laptop. Scanning for malware and ransomware is more effective and urgent than the other options because:

Performing a system restore may not remove the malware or ransomware, as some of them can persist or hide in the system files or backup copies34. Moreover, a system restore may result in data loss or corruption, as it restores the system to a previous state and deletes any changes made after that point5.

Checking the network utilization may not help diagnose or fix the problem, as the malware or ransomware may not be using the network at all, or may be using it in a stealthy or encrypted manner34. Furthermore, checking the network utilization does not address the root cause of the issue, which is the presence of malicious software on the laptop.

Updating the antivirus software may not be sufficient to detect or remove the malware or ransomware, as some of them may evade or disable the antivirus software, or may be too new or unknown for the antivirus software to recognize34. Additionally, updating the antivirus software does not guarantee that the laptop will be scanned for malware or ransomware, as the user may need to initiate or schedule the scan manually.

A sandbox is an isolated environment that allows for the testing of critical systems without the risk of them being negatively impacted by changes. A sandbox can be used to simulate real-world scenarios, experiment with new features, debug errors, or evaluate the performance and security of a system. A sandbox can be created using virtualization, emulation, or containerization technologies. A sandbox prevents any changes made in the testing environment from affecting the production environment, which is the actual system that is used by the end users.

https://www.comptia.org/training/books/a-core-2-220-1102-study-guide

app files are application bundles that contain all the necessary files and resources for a Mac app. They can be easily deleted by dragging them to the Trash or using Launchpad12. Other file types, such as .exe, .dmg, .rpm, and .pkg, are either not compatible with macOS or require additional steps to uninstall34.

References: 1 Uninstall apps on your Mac - Apple Support(https://support.apple.com/en-us/102610)2 How to Uninstall Apps on a Mac (and Make Sure Leftover Files Are …(https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/uninstall-delete-apps-from-mac)3 How to install and uninstall software on a Mac - Laptop Mag(https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/install-unininstall-mac-software)4 How to completely uninstall an app on a Mac and delete all junk files(https://www.xda-developers.com/how-to-uninstall-app-mac/).

Quarantining the infected system is the most appropriate way to remediate the issue of an infection that the antivirus software cannot remove. Quarantining means isolating the system from the network and other devices to prevent the infection from spreading or causing further damage. Quarantining also allows the technician to perform further analysis and removal of the infection without risking the security of other systems or data.

Some of the steps involved in quarantining an infected system are:

Disconnect the system from the internet and any local network connections, such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth, or USB.

Disable any file-sharing or remote access services on the system, such as Windows File Sharing, Remote Desktop, or TeamViewer.

Use a separate device to download and update the antivirus software and any other tools that may be needed to remove the infection, such as malware scanners, rootkit removers, or bootable rescue disks.

Transfer the updated antivirus software and tools to the infected system using a removable media, such as a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive. Scan the removable media for any infections before and after using it on the infected system.

Run the antivirus software and tools on the infected system and follow the instructions to delete or quarantine the infection. If the infection is persistent or complex, it may require booting the system from a rescue disk or using a Linux live disc to access and clean the system files.

After the infection is removed, restore the system to a previous clean state using System Restore, backup, or recovery partition. Scan the system again to ensure that it is clean and secure. Reconnect the system to the network and update the system and the antivirus software.

References:

How to Identify and Repair Malware or Virus Infected Computers, section 31

Uninstalling Antivirus Software, the Clean Way: 40 Removal Tools & Instructions, section 22

How to manually remove an infected file from a Windows computer3

The Official CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Guide (220-1102), page 2194

 Date and time is the most likely cause of the issue. The date and time settings on a workstation affect the validity of the certificates used by websites to establish secure connections. If the date and time are incorrect, the workstation may not recognize the certificate as valid and display an invalid certificate error. Other workstations on the same local network may not have this issue if their date and time are correct. User access control, UEFI boot mode, and log-on times are not likely causes of the issue. User access control is a feature that prevents unauthorized changes to the system by prompting for confirmation or credentials. UEFI boot mode is a firmware interface that controls the boot process of the workstation. Log-on times are settings that restrict when a user can log in to the workstation. None of these factors affect the validity of the certificates used by websites. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 14

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 456

The sfc command is a tool for scanning and repairing system files that are corrupted or missing on Windows operating systems12. System files are essential files that are required for the proper functioning of the operating system, such as the GUI, drivers, services, and applications. If system files are damaged or deleted, the operating system may fail to start or run properly, causing errors, crashes, or blue screens.

The sfc command can be used to fix the issue of the PC that is unable to start the GUI, assuming that the problem is caused by corrupted or missing system files. The sfc command can be run from the command prompt, which can be accessed by booting the PC from the installation media, choosing the repair option, and selecting the command prompt option3. The sfc command can be used with different switches, such as /scannow, /verifyonly, /scanfile, or /offbootdir, depending on the situation and the desired action4. The most common switch is /scannow, which scans all the system files and repairs any problems that are found5. The syntax of the sfc command with the /scannow switch is:

sfc /scannow

The sfc command will then scan and repair the system files, and display the results on the screen. If the sfc command is able to fix the system files, the PC should be able to start the GUI normally after rebooting. If the sfc command is unable to fix the system files, the PC may need further troubleshooting or a clean installation of Windows.

References1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 10 2: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Complete Video Course, Lesson 26 Documentation 3: How to use SFC Scannow to repair Windows system files 4: SFC Command (System File Checker) 5: How to Repair Windows 10 using Command Prompt

Maintaining the chain of custody is important to control evidence and maintain integrity. The chain of custody is a process that documents who handled, accessed, or modified a piece of evidence, when, where, how, and why. The chain of custody ensures that the evidence is preserved, protected, and authenticated throughout the incident response process. Maintaining the chain of custody can help prevent tampering, alteration, or loss of evidence, as well as establish its reliability and validity in legal proceedings. Maintaining an information security policy, properly identifying the issue, and gathering as much information as possible are not reasons why maintaining the chain of custody is important. Maintaining an information security policy is a general practice that defines the rules and guidelines for securing an organization’s information assets and resources. Properly identifying the issue is a step in the incident response process that involves analyzing and classifying the incident based on its severity, impact, and scope. Gathering as much information as possible is a step in the incident response process that involves collecting and documenting relevant data and evidence from various sources, such as logs, alerts, or witnesses. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 26

The command md stands for make directory and is used to create a new directory or folder in the current location. In this case, the technician can use md minutes to create a folder named minutes in the C: drive. The other commands are not relevant for this task. c: \minutes is not a command but a path to a folder. dir is used to display a list of files and folders in the current directory. rmdir is used to remove or delete an existing directory or folder.

Developer Mode on Windows 10 is a feature that allows developers to test and debug their applications on their devices, as well as sideload apps and access other developer tools12. To enable Developer Mode, the user needs to go to the Settings app, select Update & Security, choose For Developers, and switch to Developer Mode123. However, enabling Developer Mode requires internet connectivity, as Windows will download and install a package of features, such as Windows Device Portal and SSH services, that are necessary for Developer Mode124. If the user does not have internet connectivity, they will receive a “failed to install package” message when trying to enable Developer Mode4. Therefore, the first thing that the technician should do is to ensure that the laptop has internet access, either through Wi-Fi or Ethernet, and then try to enable Developer Mode again4

Rebooting the smartphone is the first and simplest step to resolve the issue of frequent crashes and unresponsiveness. Rebooting clears the memory, closes the background apps, and refreshes the system. It can also fix minor glitches and bugs that may cause the calendar app or the smartphone to malfunction12. The other options are either too drastic or unnecessary. Reinstalling the application may not solve the problem if the issue is with the smartphone itself. Updating the smartphone’s OS may not be possible or helpful if the device is unresponsive or incompatible. Resetting the smartphone to factory settings will erase all the data and settings on the device, which should be the last resort.

References: 1 How to Reboot an Android Smartphone or Tablet(https://www.lifewire.com/reboot-android-smartphone-or-tablet-4127180)2 How to Restart or Shut Down a Smartphone or Tablet(https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001912.htm).

NTFS stands for New Technology File System, which is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft4. NTFS is the default file system for the Windows NT family of operating systems, which includes Windows 10, Windows Server 2019, and other versions5. NTFS provides features such as security, encryption, compression, journaling, and large volume support45. NTFS is not the native file system for other operating systems, such as macOS, Linux, or Android, although some of them can read or write to NTFS volumes with third-party drivers or tools

VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a remote access tool that allows the technician to access and control various Windows, Linux, and macOS desktops on the company LAN using a graphical user interface. VNC does not require an external internet connection, as it works over a local network or a VPN. VNC uses a client-server model, where the server runs on the remote desktop and the client connects to it from another device. VNC can transmit the keyboard and mouse events from the client to the server, and the screen updates from the server to the client, enabling the technician to interact with the remote desktop as if it were local12.

VNC is a better option than the other choices because:

RMM (Remote Monitoring and Management) (B) is not a single software solution, but a category of software solutions that enable IT professionals to remotely monitor, manage, and troubleshoot multiple devices and networks. RMM software may include remote access tools, but also other features such as patch management, backup and recovery, security, reporting, and automation. RMM software may require an external internet connection, as it often relies on cloud-based services or web-based consoles34.

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) © is a remote access tool that allows the technician to access and control Windows desktops on the company LAN using a graphical user interface. However, RDP is not compatible with Linux or macOS desktops, unless they have third-party software installed that can emulate or translate the RDP protocol. RDP also has some security and performance issues, such as encryption vulnerabilities, bandwidth consumption, and latency problems56.

SSH (Secure Shell) (D) is a remote access tool that allows the technician to access and control various Windows, Linux, and macOS desktops on the company LAN using a command-line interface. SSH does not require an external internet connection, as it works over a local network or a VPN. SSH uses encryption and authentication to secure the communication between the client and the server. However, SSH does not provide a graphical user interface, which may limit the functionality and usability of the remote desktop7 .

References:

1: What is VNC? - Definition from Techopedia1 2: How VNC Works - RealVNC2 3: What is Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM)? - Definition from Techopedia3 4: What is RMM Software? - NinjaRMM4 5: What is Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)? - Definition from Techopedia5 6: Remote Desktop Protocol: What it is and how to secure it - CSO Online6 7: What is Secure Shell (SSH)? - Definition from Techopedia7 : How to Use SSH to Access a Remote Server in Linux or Windows - Hostinger Tutorials

Sandbox testing is a method of testing changes in a simulated environment that mimics the real one, without affecting the actual production system. Sandbox testing is useful for change management because it allows the testers to evaluate the change before deployment, and ensure that it works as intended, does not cause any errors or conflicts, and meets the requirements and expectations of the stakeholders. Sandbox testing also helps to protect the investment in the existing system, as it reduces the risk of introducing bugs or breaking functionality that could harm the customer experience or the business operations. Sandbox testing also gives the testers more control over the customer experience, as they can experiment with different scenarios and configurations, and optimize the change for the best possible outcome.

References:

1: Change Management and Sandbox - Quickbase1 2: Embracing change: Build, test, and adapt in a sandbox environment - Zendesk3

Full backup is the best option to ensure that the restore process is as simple as possible. A full backup is a backup type that copies all the data from the source to the destination, regardless of whether the data has changed or not. A full backup provides the most complete and consistent backup of the data, and it allows the user to restore the data from a single backup set without relying on any previous or subsequent backups. Incremental, differential, and synthetic backups are not as simple as full backups for restoring data. An incremental backup is a backup type that copies only the data that has changed since the last backup, whether it was full or incremental. An incremental backup requires less time and space than a full backup, but it also requires multiple backup sets to restore the data completely. A differential backup is a backup type that copies only the data that has changed since the last full backup. A differential backup requires more time and space than an incremental backup, but it also requires fewer backup sets to restore the data than an incremental backup. A synthetic backup is a backup type that combines a full backup with one or more incremental or differential backups to create a consolidated backup set. A synthetic backup requires less time and bandwidth than a full backup, but it also requires more processing power and storage space than an incremental or differential backup. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 15

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 458

The hostname command-line tool is used to display the name of the local machine. This information can be crucial for identifying the device within a network, especially when setting up remote access or sharing resources like folders and printers. Unlike other command-line tools that provide more detailed network diagnostics or configuration details, hostname straightforwardly offers the device's network identification, making it suitable for the scenario described.References: Official CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2 Student Guide​​.

A filtration system is critical for data centers because it can control the humidity and temperature levels in the environment. High humidity levels can cause condensation and corrosion on the metal components of the servers and other equipment, leading to malfunction and damage. A filtration system can also prevent dust, dirt, and other contaminants from entering the data center and clogging the machines or causing overheating.

The .bat file type would be used in the Windows Startup folder to automate copying a personal storage table (.pst) file to a network drive at log-in. A .bat file is a batch file that contains a series of commands that can be executed by the command interpreter. A .bat file can be used to perform various tasks, such as copying, moving, deleting, or renaming files or directories. A .bat file can be placed in the Windows Startup folder to run automatically when a user logs in to the system. A .bat file can use the copy command to copy a .pst file from a local drive to a network drive. A .pst file is a personal storage table file that contains email messages, contacts, calendars, and other data from Microsoft Outlook. A .pst file can be backed up to a network drive for security or recovery purposes. The .dll, .ps1, and .txt file types are not used in the Windows Startup folder to automate copying a .pst file to a network drive at log-in. A .dll file is a dynamic link library file that contains code or data that can be shared by multiple programs. A .dll file cannot be executed directly by the user or the system. A .ps1 file is a PowerShell script file that contains commands or expressions that can be executed by the PowerShell interpreter. A .ps1 file can also perform various tasks, such as copying files or directories, but it requires PowerShell to be installed and configured on the system. A .txt file is a plain text file that contains unformatted text that can be read by any text editor or word processor. A .txt file cannot contain commands or expressions that can be executed by the system. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 18

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 459

The msconfig.exe tool, also known as the System Configuration utility, is a tool that allows users to modify various system settings, such as startup options, services, boot options, and more. One of the features of msconfig.exe is the ability to disable or enable device drivers that are loaded during the system startup. By using msconfig.exe, a technician can prevent a driver from being loaded and used by the system, which will allow them to uninstall it without any errors. To use msconfig.exe to disable a driver, the technician can follow these steps:

Open the Run dialog box by pressing the Windows key + R.

Type msconfig.exe and press Enter.

Click on the Boot tab and then click on Advanced options.

Check the box next to No GUI boot and click OK. This will prevent the graphical user interface from loading during the boot process, which will also prevent some drivers from loading.

Click on the Services tab and check the box next to Hide all Microsoft services. This will show only the third-party services and drivers that are running on the system.

Find the service or driver that corresponds to the device that the technician wants to uninstall and uncheck the box next to it. This will disable the service or driver from starting during the system startup.

Click Apply and OK and then restart the computer.

After the computer restarts, the technician can use the Device Manager or the Control Panel to uninstall the driver that was previously in use.

References:

How to Completely Remove/Uninstall a Driver in Windows, section 31

The Official CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Guide (220-1102), page 2212

Changing channels can best resolve interference from other nearby SSIDs. Wireless networks operate on different channels, and changing the channel can help to avoid interference from other nearby networks.

One of the most important environmental concerns inside a data center is the level of humidity. High levels of humidity can cause condensation, which can result in corrosion of components and other equipment. Low levels of humidity can cause static electricity to build up, potentially leading to electrostatic discharge (ESD) and damage to components. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a relative humidity range of 40-60% in a data center to protect the equipment and ensure proper operation.

The technician should use afc to transfer a large number of files over an unreliable connection and be able to resume the process if the connection is interrupted1

To best resolve this issue, the executive should set AirDrop so that transfers are only accepted from known contacts (option A). AirDrop is a feature on iOS devices that allows users to share files, photos, and other data between Apple devices. By setting AirDrop so that it only accepts transfers from known contacts, the executive can ensure that unwanted files and photos are not sent to their device. Additionally, the executive should ensure that the AirDrop setting is only enabled when it is necessary, as this will protect their device from any unwanted files and photos.

The file type that the technician will MOST likely use when installing new software on a macOS computer is .app. This is because .app is the file extension for applications on macOS1.

First thing you want to do is quarantine/disconnect the affected system from the network so whatever malicious software doesn't spread.

TACACS+ is a proprietary Cisco AAA protocol

The most effective way to check other machines on the network for this unknown threat is to manually check each machine. This can help to identify any other machines that may be infected with the unknown virus and allow them to be cleaned.

The IT manager is most likely to be concerned about network utilization being significantly increased due to the size of CAD files. Backing up all CAD files to the software’s cloud server can result in a large amount of data being transferred over the network, which can cause network congestion and slow down other network traffic.

The rollback plan should be updated before requesting approval again. A rollback plan is a plan for undoing a change if it causes problems, and it is an important part of any change management process. If the change advisory board did not approve the requested change due to the lack of alternative actions if implementation failed, then updating the rollback plan would be the best way to address this concern.

The technician should use dfrgui.exe to defragment the hard drive1

The systems administrator should use Settings to access Screensaver settings to configure each user’s Windows device to require a password when resuming from a period of sleep or inactivity1

The Linux command used to install an application is sudo. The sudo command allows users to run programs with the security privileges of another user, such as the root user. This is necessary to install applications because it requires administrative privileges1

The account access level the user will need to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment is a standard account. This is because a standard account allows the user to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment1.

Chrome OS provides a lightweight option for workstations that need an easy-to-use browser-based interface1

Since Windows systems support FAT32 and NTFS "out of the box" and Linux supports a whole range of them including FAT32 and NTFS, it is highly recommended to format the partition or disk you want to share in either FAT32 or NTFS, but since FAT32 has a file size limit of 4.2 GB, if you happen to work with huge files, then it is better you use NTFS

To help secure the device against this threat in the future, the administrator should require a PIN on the unlock screen and block a third-party application installation. Requiring a PIN on the unlock screen can help to prevent unauthorized access to the device, while blocking third-party application installation can help to prevent malicious applications from being installed on the device.

The process of documenting who had possession of evidence at every step of the process is called chain of custody

The desktop specialist should use a clean install to refresh the laptop. A clean install will remove all data and applications from the laptop and install a fresh copy of Windows 10, ensuring that the laptop is ready for the newly hired employee.

Since the systems administrator has validated that the workstation functions normally and other users operate on the same workstation without any issues, the next step should be to rebuild the user’s profile. This will ensure that any corrupted files or settings are removed and the user’s profile is restored to its default state.

The technician should provide the user with a unique ticket number that can be referenced on subsequent calls to make sure the ticket is associated with the correct user. This is because registering the ticket with a unique user identifier, having the user provide a callback phone number to be added to the ticket, or assigning the ticket to the department’s power user will not ensure that the ticket is associated with the correct user2.

"The user thought the company-provided antivirus software would prevent this issue."

The most likely steps to resolve the issue are to deploy an ad-blocking extension to the browser and perform a reset on the user’s web browser. Ad-blocking extensions can help to prevent pop-ups and other unwanted content from appearing in the browser, and resetting the browser can help to remove any malicious extensions or settings that may be causing the issue.

The technician should add the update site to the client’s exceptions list to bypass the proxy. This can be done through the client’s web browser settings, where the proxy settings can be configured. By adding the update site to the exceptions list, the client will be able to access the site and download the software update.

The technician should have connected a proper ESD strap to prevent damage to the motherboard. ESD (electrostatic discharge) can cause damage to electronic components, and an ESD strap helps to prevent this by grounding the technician and preventing the buildup of static electricity. Removing all jewelry is also a good practice, but it is not the most likely solution to this problem.

Click on 802.11 and Select ac

Click on SSID and select CORP

Click on Frequency and select 5GHz

At Wireless Security Mode, Click on Security Mode

Select the WPA2

Ann needs to connect to the BYOD SSID, using 2.4GHZ. The selected security method chose should be WPA PSK, and the password should be set to TotallySecret.

Resource Monitor will help a technician identify the issue when a user reports a computer is running slow1

Resource Monitor is a Windows utility that can be used to monitor and analyze the system resources and processes running on a computer. It can be used to identify and troubleshoot any issues that might be causing the computer to run slowly, such as CPU usage, memory usage, disk I/O, and network usage.

Multifactor authentication will be forced for Wi-Fi after deploying a client certificate to be used for Wi-Fi access for all devices in an organization3

References:

CompTIA Security+ (Plus) Practice Test Questions | CompTIA. Retrieved from https://www.comptia.org/training/resources/comptia-security-practice-tests

The technician should escalate the ticket to ensure that the CEO’s device is returned as soon as possible1

Open Settings, select System, select Display, and change the Scale and layout setting to a higher percentage123

Since there are no error messages on the device, the technician should check if the battery is sufficiently charged1

If the battery is low, the device may not have enough power to complete the update2

In this scenario, the technician has already determined that there are no error messages on the device. The next best step would be to check if the battery is sufficiently charged. If the battery is low, it could be preventing the device from completing the update process.

Verifying that third-party applications are disabled, determining if the device has adequate storage available, and confirming a strong internet connection are all important steps in troubleshooting issues with mobile devices. However, since the problem in this scenario is related to a failed OS update, it is important to first check the battery level before proceeding with further troubleshooting steps.

If a rootkit has caused a deep infection, then the only way to remove the rootkit is to reinstall the operating system. This is because rootkits are designed to be difficult to detect and remove, and they can hide in the operating system’s kernel, making it difficult to remove them without reinstalling the operating system

https://www.minitool.com/backup-tips/how-to-get-rid-of-rootkit-windows-10.html

A rollback plan is essential for a change to be approved by a change management review board. It outlines the steps to reverse a change in case something goes wrong, minimizing downtime and mitigating risk. Other items like end-user acceptance and cost analysis are important but not typically the deciding factor for approval.

Phishing attacks are typically delivered via email, so the most effective immediate measure is to filter out these malicious emails.

Enabling Windows Firewall: Helps protect against network threats but does not specifically address phishing emails.

Activating the email spam filter: Directly targets phishing attempts by filtering and blocking suspicious emails before they reach the user.

Using a secure VPN connection: Enhances secure communications but does not prevent phishing attacks.

Running vulnerability scans on a schedule: Identifies and mitigates vulnerabilities but does not address phishing emails directly.

In the event of a security breach, documenting the incident is crucial for tracking, analysis, and resolution. The appropriate steps should ensure thorough documentation and communication:

Option A: Record the details in the ticketing system.Correct Answer. The ticketing system is the primary tool for IT support to track incidents. Recording the details in the ticketing system ensures that all relevant information is documented systematically, can be easily accessed, and tracked through the resolution process.

This aligns with best practices in incident documentation and support systems information management as outlined in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Exam Objectives, Section 4.1​​.

Option B: Take screenshots and attach them to the root cause analysis.While screenshots can be useful, the first step should be to record the details in the ticketing system. Screenshots may be added later as supplementary information.

Option C: Discuss the incident with the company’s legal team.Involving the legal team is important for certain aspects of a security breach, but the initial step should still be to document the incident in the ticketing system.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:The best way to recover from a ransomware attack is by restoring clean backups of the affected files. Ransomware encrypts files and demands a ransom for decryption, but paying the ransom is not recommended because it does not guarantee file recovery.

A. Antivirus – Incorrect. Antivirus software may detect and remove the ransomware, but it cannot decrypt the files.

C. Anti-malware – Incorrect. Anti-malware software helps prevent infection but cannot recover encrypted files.

D. Recovery mode – Incorrect. Recovery mode restores system files but does not recover user data from ransomware.

Best Practice:

Regularly back up critical data and store backups in offline or cloud-based solutions to prevent ransomware from encrypting them.

To ensure that Windows 10 laptops can automatically connect to Wi-Fi networks when employees take them home, the appropriate configuration is:

Network and Internet settings: These settings allow users to manage Wi-Fi connections, configure automatic connections to known networks, and manage network profiles.

Go to Settings > Network & Internet > Wi-Fi.

Ensure the option to connect automatically to the home Wi-Fi network is enabled.

Windows Firewall settings: These are used to manage firewall rules and do not control Wi-Fi connectivity.

Devices and Printers: Used for managing connected devices and printers, not for network connections.

Personalization settings: These settings are for customizing the appearance of the Windows interface and do not affect network connections.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:The top command in Linux provides real-time information about CPU usage, running processes, and memory usage. It is equivalent to the Task Manager in Windows.

B. ls – Incorrect. The ls command lists directory contents and does not display processor activity.

C. procmon – Incorrect. Process Monitor (procmon) is a Windows utility, not a Linux command.

D. taskmgr – Incorrect. taskmgr opens Task Manager in Windows but does not exist in Linux.

In change management, the scope of a project lists all the changes that are taking place. The scope ensures that all team members understand the boundaries and extent of the project, helping to prevent unexpected changes. Here’s a

Scope: Defines the project's boundaries and deliverables, including all the planned changes. It ensures that everyone involved understands what is included and excluded in the project, minimizing unexpected changes.

Risk analysis: Identifies potential risks and their impact but does not list the changes.

Rollback plan: Provides a strategy for reverting changes if something goes wrong but does not list changes.

Review: Involves evaluating changes but does not compile the list of changes.

The first step in installing an operating system on a new computer is Setting the boot order (Option A). This ensures that the computer can boot from the installation media (USB, DVD, etc.). Once the boot order is configured, the system can start from the installation source, and the rest of the OS installation process can proceed.

Formatting the hard drive (Option B) comes later in the process, after the installation media is booted.

Entering the product key (Option C) and Selecting the filesystem (Option D) are subsequent steps during the installation process.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

1.9 - Perform OS installations and upgrades, including setting boot methods and boot order​​.

The technician should disconnect the computer from the network (Option A) first to prevent any further spread of the infection or data loss. Once the machine is isolated from the network, the technician can safely investigate the malware without risking infection to other systems.

Running an antivirus scan (Option B) comes after isolating the system.

Rebooting the computer (Option C) could lead to the loss of critical information or make it harder to diagnose the issue.

Educating the user (Option D) is important but should happen after resolving the immediate issue.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

3.3 - Best practices for malware removal, including isolating the system first​.

To ensure device security on the network while adhering to industry best practices, the technician should:

Automate the patching process: This ensures that all devices receive the latest security updates in a timely manner without manual intervention, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities.

Monitor the firewall configuration: Important for network security but does not directly ensure all devices are patched.

Implement access control lists: Controls access to resources but does not ensure devices are patched.

Document all changes: Important for change management but does not directly impact the patching process.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:SSH allows for remote access to systems securely and discretely, suitable for verifying patch levels and other administrative tasks. This meets Core 2 objectives on using secure remote access tools (Core 2 Objective 4.9)​.

Pop-up blockers can sometimes prevent essential pop-up windows required by websites to display transaction details.

Clear the browser cache: Helps with loading issues but not specific to pop-ups.

Disable the pop-up blocker: The correct solution, as it allows the blocked pop-up to be displayed.

Configure private browsing: Prevents storing browsing data but does not affect pop-ups.

Verify valid certificates: Ensures secure connections but does not resolve pop-up issues.

When a user reports slow performance, a changed home page, and pop-up ads, these are classic signs of malware infection. The first step should be:

Update the antivirus program and run a full system scan: This helps identify and remove any malware present on the system, addressing the root cause of the issues.

Uninstall the suspicious search engine and reset the home page: This addresses the symptom but not the underlying cause, which is likely malware.

Install the latest updates for the operating system: Important for security but secondary to removing malware.

Block the pop-up ads using the web browser settings: Again, addresses the symptom but not the root cause.

The correct answer is C. Full Backup.

A Full Backup creates a complete copy of all selected data every time it runs. This method ensures the fastest possible recovery time because all the necessary data is contained in a single backup file.

Since storage space is not a concern, full backups are ideal because they avoid the need to restore multiple incremental or differential backups.

Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is minimized, making full backups the best choice for quick restoration.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Differential Backup – Backs up only the data that has changed since the last full backup. While faster to restore than an incremental backup, it still requires both the last full backup and the most recent differential backup for restoration.

B. Synthetic Backup – A synthetic full backup is created by combining previous full and incremental backups without needing to back up data again from the source. While efficient in terms of backup creation, restoration can be slower compared to a traditional full backup.

D. Incremental Backup – Backs up only data that has changed since the last backup (whether full or incremental). While efficient in storage, restoring from incremental backups can be slow because multiple backups must be restored in sequence.

CompTIA A+ 220-1102 Exam Reference:

Objective 4.3 – Given a scenario, apply best practices to secure a workstation.

Objective 4.4 – Given a scenario, implement methods for securing mobile devices.

The .dmg file type in macOS requires mounting before installation. .dmg files are disk image files used to distribute software on macOS. When opened, they mount a virtual disk on the desktop, from which the application can be installed. Other file types like .pkg, .zip, and .app have different processes for installation and do not require mounting in the same way.

The correct answer is B. Scripted Deployment.

Scripted deployment is the most effective method for remotely installing software across multiple devices, including remote employees’ machines.

IT departments commonly use scripting tools like PowerShell, Bash, or batch scripts, along with software deployment solutions like Microsoft SCCM, Intune, or Group Policy.

This method ensures automation, consistency, and remote execution without requiring physical access to each device.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Clone – Cloning is used to replicate entire system images but is not practical for deploying individual software programs remotely.

C. In-place – This term typically refers to in-place upgrades or updates to existing software, not new software deployment across multiple machines.

D. Image – Imaging refers to creating a full system image, including the OS and applications. While useful for deploying new computers, it is not ideal for remotely installing software on existing systems.

CompTIA A+ 220-1102 Exam Reference:

Objective 3.3 – Given a scenario, use remote access technologies.

Objective 4.2 – Given a scenario, implement cybersecurity best practices.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:A "No OS found" message often occurs if the PC is trying to boot from an external storage device that does not contain an OS. Removing any external devices and rebooting can resolve this issue. This approach is part of troubleshooting boot-related problems, as emphasized in Core 2 (Core 2 Objective 3.1)​.

When an employee is unable to access the company portal using a VPN on their personal smartphone, the most likely cause is:

The smartphone is not enrolled in MDM service: Mobile Device Management (MDM) services often control access to company resources. If the smartphone is not enrolled, it may be blocked from accessing the VPN and, consequently, the company portal.

The application must be purchased by the company: Unlikely, as most VPN applications are free to download or included in the company's software package.

The smartphone is not on the latest OS version: While this could cause compatibility issues, it is less likely than the MDM enrollment issue.

The application fails to install and launch: This would be a different problem and would usually present specific error messages.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:BitLocker To Go is a feature in Windows that allows for encryption of removable drives to protect sensitive information. Training staff on BitLocker To Go ensures that if a removable drive is lost or stolen, it will be password-protected and encrypted, making the data inaccessible to unauthorized individuals. This aligns with Core 2 objectives related to security measures for data-at-rest encryption and best practices for safeguarding information (CompTIA A+ Core 2 Objective 2.6)​.

For securing mobile devices with two authentication methods, combining something the user knows (a PIN) with something the user is (biometrics) enhances security by implementing multi-factor authentication.

Smart card: Generally requires additional hardware and is not commonly used in mobile devices.

Biometrics: Uses unique biological traits such as fingerprints or facial recognition, providing a convenient and secure second method of authentication.

Hard token: Involves additional physical devices which might not be practical for mobile devices.

One-time password: Usually used for specific applications rather than as a general device authentication method.

Full Comprehensive Explanation: In this situation, the priority is to get the workstation back online and accessing the corporate database as quickly as possible. Restoring from the last backup is the most efficient way to achieve this. It will revert the system to a known working state, likely resolving the software issue without the need for extensive troubleshooting.

In the Windows OS, to grant a user permissions equivalent to root-level permissions (which means full control over the system), the user needs to be given:

Administrator: The Administrator role provides full control over the system, including the ability to install and uninstall software, change system settings, and access all files and directories.

Power: The Power User role provides some administrative capabilities but not full control. It is a legacy role with fewer permissions than Administrator.

Default: This refers to a standard user account with limited permissions.

Superuser: This term is more commonly associated with Unix/Linux systems and is not a specific role in Windows.

Event Viewer (Option A) is the appropriate tool to check for system and application logs, including error messages and crash reports. It helps the technician determine the cause of the crashes by reviewing logged events.

Resource Monitor (Option B) tracks real-time usage of system resources but doesn't log errors.

Performance Monitor (Option C) monitors system performance but isn't primarily used for crash diagnostics.

Device Manager (Option D) manages hardware devices but doesn't provide crash logs.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

3.1 - Troubleshoot common Windows OS problems using tools like Event Viewer

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:The Resource Monitor provides real-time data on CPU, memory, disk, and network usage, making it the best tool to identify performance degradation over time. It allows technicians to check which processes are consuming excessive system resources.

A. Reliability history – Incorrect. Reliability Monitor tracks system errors and crashes, but it does not help diagnose ongoing performance issues.

B. Computer management – Incorrect. Computer Management provides system utilities but does not offer real-time monitoring of resource usage.

D. Disk defragment – Incorrect. Disk defragmentation improves disk access times but is unrelated to an application gradually slowing down.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:Many modern laptops have both an integrated GPU (built into the CPU) and a dedicated GPU (such as NVIDIA or AMD). The system may default to the integrated GPU to save power, which results in poor gaming performance. The technician should manually set the game to use the dedicated graphics card to resolve the issue.

A. Overclock the RAM – Incorrect. While overclocking RAM can improve performance slightly, it does not resolve GPU-related gaming lag.

B. Enable NIC teaming – Incorrect. NIC teaming improves network bandwidth and has no effect on gaming graphics.

D. Activate CPU hyperthreading – Incorrect. Hyperthreading improves multitasking but does not directly impact gaming graphics performance.

Since both developer mode and the ability to install apps from unknown sources are enabled, the technician should check for Malicious applications (Option B). Unknown sources can allow unverified apps that may include malware or apps that use excessive background data without the user's knowledge. Checking for malicious apps is essential in this scenario.

Storage cache (Option A) would not typically cause high data usage.

Privacy settings (Option C) control data sharing and permissions but don't directly impact data usage.

Permissions (Option D) might help identify apps using data, but the focus should be on apps that could be malicious.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

2.7 - Explain common methods for securing mobile devices, including detecting and preventing malware​.

For an inexpensive file server to share photos and videos while avoiding complicated licensing, the technician should recommend:

Linux: Linux is a free and open-source operating system that is ideal for setting up a file server. It offers robust file-sharing capabilities with minimal licensing complications.

Chrome OS: Designed primarily for lightweight, web-based tasks and not ideal for a file server.

macOS: Requires Apple hardware and involves more complex licensing compared to Linux.

Windows: While capable of being a file server, Windows may involve licensing fees, particularly for server editions.

The first step in securing a newly installed SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) wireless router is to ensure it has the latest firmware installed. Firmware updates often include important security patches and new features that protect the router from known vulnerabilities. Other actions, like disabling unused ports or guest accounts, can be useful for hardening the security, but they should come after the router is running the most recent and secure version of its firmware.

References:

CompTIA A+ Core 2 Objectives, Domain 2.1: Best Practices for Securing a SOHO Network​ (ProfMesser)​ (Whizlabs)

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:If an MDM (Mobile Device Management) solution detects unauthorized applications, it is likely that the user has rooted (Android) or jailbroken (iOS) the device to bypass security restrictions. Root access allows the user to install unauthorized applications that MDM policies would normally block.

B. Upgraded the OS – Incorrect. Upgrading the OS does not bypass security policies or allow unauthorized apps.

C. Installed a VPN – Incorrect. A VPN does not affect the MDM system or allow unauthorized apps.

D. Uninstalled the MDM software – Incorrect. If the MDM software was removed, the device would not still be reporting to the MDM server.

When a user experiences slow web page loading on their phone while in the office, the most likely cause is:

High network traffic: In an office environment, many devices are often connected to the network simultaneously, which can lead to congestion and slow internet speeds. High network traffic means more devices are competing for the same bandwidth, causing delays.

Exceeded the data usage limit: This typically applies to cellular data plans, not Wi-Fi in an office setting.

Sluggish response time: This is a symptom rather than a cause and can result from high network traffic.

Degraded network service: While this could be a factor, it is broader and less specific than high network traffic, which is more directly related to the user's experience.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:The two best first steps are:

Perform a virus scan – Multiple users on a device increase the risk of malware, which can cause performance issues.

Check the startup programs – Unnecessary programs running at startup can slow down the system.

C. Back up the data – Important but not the first step for performance troubleshooting.

D. Disable the guest account – May prevent future unauthorized use but does not immediately fix the current issue.

E. Update the firmware – Firmware updates improve hardware stability but are unlikely to fix a sudden performance drop.

F. Reinstall the operating system – A last resort, as it erases data and takes significant time.

One of the key environmental benefits of using virtualization is the reduction in physical space requirements. Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical server, reducing the need for multiple physical servers. This consolidation leads to fewer physical machines, saving space in data centers and reducing the overall physical footprint.

A. Greater energy consumption is incorrect as virtualization typically leads to reduced energy consumption due to the consolidation of hardware.

B. Noise pollution can be reduced because fewer physical machines often mean less overall noise.

D. Fewer maintenance needs is a possible benefit but not directly related to environmental effects like reduced space requirements.

References:

CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Exam Objectives, Section 4.5: Summarizing environmental impacts and local environmental controls, including the benefits of virtualization​​.

Operating system updates are used to secure a device from known exploits. Operating system updates are patches or fixes that are released by the vendor to address security vulnerabilities, bugs, or performance issues. Operating system updates can also provide new features or enhancements to the device. It is important to keep the operating system updated to prevent attackers from exploiting known flaws or weaknesses.

A virtual private network (VPN) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, such as the internet. A VPN allows remote employees to access the corporate intranet as if they were physically connected to the local network3. Password-protected Wi-Fi is a security measure for wireless networks that does not provide access to the corporate intranet. Port forwarding is a technique that allows external devices to access services on a private network through a router, but does not provide access to the corporate intranet. A perimeter network is a network segment that lies between an internal network and an external network, such as the internet, and provides an additional layer of security, but does not provide access to the corporate intranet.

Recovery is a Windows 10 utility that can be used to address the concern of a failed update that prevents an application from launching. Recovery allows the user to reset the PC, go back to a previous version of Windows, or use advanced startup options to troubleshoot and repair the system2. Device Manager, Administrator Tools, and Programs and Features are not Windows 10 utilities that can fix a failed update.

Mounting the ISO and running the installation file is the correct way to install a program from an ISO file. An ISO file is an image of a disc that contains all the files and folders of a program. Mounting the ISO means creating a virtual drive that can access the ISO file as if it were a physical disc. Running the installation file means executing the setup program that will install the program on the computer

The next step that the technician should do before taking the computer off site for repair is to get authorization from the manager. Getting authorization from the manager is important because it ensures that the technician has permission and approval to remove the computer from the premises and perform the repair work off site. Getting authorization from the manager can also help document and communicate the reason and duration of the repair and avoid any misunderstanding or conflict with the user or the organization. Removing the HDD and then sending the computer for repair may not be feasible or necessary if the issue is not related to the HDD or if the HDD contains essential data or software for the repair. Checking corporate policies for guidance may be a good step but it does not replace getting authorization from the manager who is responsible for the computer and its data. Deleting the sensitive information before the computer leaves the building may not be possible or advisable if the issue prevents access to the data or if the data is needed for troubleshooting or recovery purposes. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.1

The tool that the technician will most likely use to remotely connect to a Linux desktop is VNC. VNC stands for Virtual Network Computing and is a protocol that allows remote access and control of a graphical desktop environment over a network. VNC is natively designed for Linux and can also support other operating systems, such as Windows and Mac OS. VNC can be used to assist users with troubleshooting by viewing and interacting with their desktops remotely. MFA stands for Multi-Factor Authentication and is a method of verifying identity using two or more factors, such as something you know, something you have or something you are. MFA is not a tool that can be used to remotely connect to a Linux desktop but a technique that can be used to enhance security for systems or services. MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance and is a feature that allows remote access and control of a Windows desktop environment over a network. MSRA is not natively designed for Linux and may not be compatible or supported by Linux systems. RDP stands for Remote Desktop Protocol and is a protocol that allows remote access and control of a Windows desktop environment over a network. RDP is not natively designed for Linux and may not be compatible or supported by Linux systems. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

Keychain is a feature of macOS that securely stores passwords, account numbers, and other confidential information for your Mac, apps, servers, and websites1. You can use the Keychain Access app on your Mac to view and manage your keychains and the items stored in them1. Keychain can also sync your passwords and other secure information across your devices using iCloud Keychain1. Keychain can be used as a password manager in macOS to help you keep track of and protect your passwords.

References: 1: Manage passwords using keychains on Mac (https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/use-keychains-to-store-passwords-mchlf375f392/mac)

The next troubleshooting step that the technician should perform to resolve the issue of pages flashing on the screen before staying open when accessing banking web pages is to verify the address bar URL. The address bar URL is the web address that appears in the browser’s address bar and indicates the location of the web page being accessed. Verifying the address bar URL can help determine if the user is accessing a legitimate or malicious website, as some phishing websites may try to impersonate banking websites by using similar-looking URLs or domains.

A S.M.A.R.T. error is a warning that a hard drive is about to fail or has failed. This means that the OS cannot be loaded from the drive and the user will see an error message indicating there is no OS found. The most likely cause of this issue is drive failure.

The first thing that a support technician should check to resolve the issue of not being able to receive emails or browse the internet from a smartphone while traveling is the data plan coverage. The data plan coverage determines how much data and where the user can use on the smartphone’s cellular network. The data plan coverage may vary depending on the user’s location, carrier and subscription. The data plan coverage may not include or support certain areas or countries that the user is traveling to, or may charge extra fees or limit the speed or amount of data that the user can use. The data plan coverage does not affect text messages and phone calls, which use different network services and protocols. User account status is not likely to cause the issue of not being able to receive emails or browse the internet from a smartphone while traveling, unless the user account has been suspended or terminated by the carrier or the email provider. Mobile OS version is not likely to cause the issue of not being able to receive emails or browse the internet from a smartphone while traveling, unless the mobile OS has a major bug or compatibility problem with the network or the email app. Network traffic outages may cause the issue of not being able to receive emails or browse the internet from a smartphone while traveling, but they are less likely and less common than data plan coverage issues, and they should also affect text messages and phone calls. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.5

Open-ended questions are questions that require more than a yes or no answer and encourage the customer to provide more details and information. Using open-ended questions can help the support technician to understand the problem better, identify the root cause, and find a suitable solution. Some examples of open-ended questions are:

What exactly is not working on your machine?

When did you notice the problem?

How often does the problem occur?

What were you doing when the problem happened?

What have you tried to fix the problem?

Offering to wipe and reset the device for the customer is not a good option, as it may result in data loss and inconvenience for the customer. It should be used as a last resort only if other troubleshooting steps fail. Advising that the help desk will investigate and follow up at a later date is not a good option, as it may leave the customer unsatisfied and frustrated. It should be used only if the problem requires further research or escalation and cannot be resolved on the first call. Putting the customer on hold and escalating the call to a manager is not a good option, as it may waste time and resources. It should be used only if the problem is beyond the support technician’s scope or authority and requires managerial intervention.

Restricting user permissions is a method of creating a more secure environment for the finance department in a non-domain environment. This means that users will only have access to the files and resources that they need to perform their tasks and will not be able to modify or delete other files or settings that could compromise security or functionality. 

MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance, and it is a feature that allows a technician to remotely view and control another user’s Windows PC with their permission. MSRA is built-in to Windows and does not require any additional software installation. To use MSRA, the technician and the user need to follow these steps:

On the user’s PC, type msra in the search box on the taskbar and select Invite someone to connect to your PC and help you, or offer to help someone else.

Select Save this invitation as a file and choose a location to save the file. This file contains a password that the technician will need to connect to the user’s PC.

Send the file and the password to the technician via email or another secure method.

On the technician’s PC, type msra in the search box on the taskbar and select Help someone who has invited you.

Select Use an invitation file and browse to the location where the file from the user is saved. Enter the password when prompted.

The user will see a message asking if they want to allow the technician to connect to their PC. The user should select Yes.

The technician will see the user’s desktop and can request control of their PC by clicking Request control on the top bar. The user should allow this request by clicking Yes.

The technician can now view and control the user’s PC and assist them with installing software.

 The best action to protect against unauthorized access of the data on the lost company tablet is to perform a remote wipe on the device. A remote wipe is a feature that allows an administrator or a user to erase all the data and settings on a device remotely, usually through a web portal or an email command. A remote wipe can help prevent the data from being accessed or compromised by anyone who finds or steals the device. Changing the office’s Wi-Fi SSID and password may prevent the device from connecting to the office network but may not prevent the data from being accessed locally or through other networks. Changing the user’s password may prevent the device from logging in to the user’s account but may not prevent the data from being accessed by other means or accounts. Enabling remote drive encryption may protect the data from being read by unauthorized parties but may not be possible if the device is already lost or turned off. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.1

When a user rotates a cell phone horizontally to read emails and the display remains vertical, even though the settings indicate autorotate is on, this is typically due to a problem with the phone's accelerometer. The accelerometer is the sensor that detects changes in the phone's orientation and adjusts the display accordingly. If the accelerometer is not calibrated correctly, the display may not rotate as expected.

Recalibrating the accelerometer is the most likely solution to this issue. The process for recalibrating the accelerometer can vary depending on the specific device and operating system, but it typically involves going to the device's settings and finding the option to calibrate or reset the sensor. Users may need to search their device's documentation or online resources to find specific instructions for their device.

Group Policy is the most likely tool to be used to change the security settings on a user’s device in a domain environment. Group Policy is a feature of Windows that allows administrators to manage and configure settings for multiple devices and users in a centralized way. Group Policy can be used to enforce security policies such as password complexity, account lockout, firewall rules, encryption settings, etc.

The technician should place the hard drive in an antistatic bag and secure the area containing the hard drive before leaving. This will protect the hard drive from electrostatic discharge (ESD), dust, moisture, and physical damage. Asking coworkers to make sure no one touches the hard drive is not a reliable or secure way to prevent damage. Leaving the hard drive on the table exposes it to ESD and other environmental hazards. Connecting an electrostatic discharge strap to the drive is not enough to protect it from dust, moisture, and physical damage.

The error “BOOTMGR is missing” indicates that the boot sector is damaged or missing1. The boot sector is a part of the hard disk that contains the code and information needed to start Windows1. To fix this error, one of the possible methods is to run Startup Repair from Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)1. Startup Repair is a tool that can automatically diagnose and repair problems with the boot process2.

References: 1: “Bootmgr is missing Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart” error when you start Windows (https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/-bootmgr-is-missing-press-ctrl-alt-del-to-restart-error-when-you-start-windows-8bc1b94b-d243-1027-5410-aeb04d5cd5e2) 2: Startup Repair: frequently asked questions (https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/startup-repair-frequently-asked-questions-f5f412a0-19c4-8e0a-9f68-bb0f17f3daa0)

A new employee will need to sign an AUP before being granted login access to the network. An AUP is an Acceptable Use Policy that defines the rules and guidelines for using network resources and services in an organization. An AUP typically covers topics such as security, privacy, ethics, compliance and liability issues related to network usage. An AUP helps protect the organization and its users from legal, regulatory and reputational risks associated with network activities. An MSDS is a Material Safety Data Sheet that provides information about hazardous substances and how to handle them safely. An MSDS is not related to network access or usage. A EULA is an End User License Agreement that specifies the terms and conditions for using a software product or service. A EULA is usually provided by software vendors or developers and does not apply to network access or usage in general. A UAC is a User Account Control that is a security feature that prompts users for permission or confirmation before performing certain actions that require elevated privileges or affect system settings. A UAC is not a document that needs to be signed by users but a mechanism that helps prevent unauthorized changes or malware infections on a system. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.1

A. Device drivers23: Device drivers are software components that enable the operating system to communicate with hardware devices. Different devices may require different drivers, so the desktop engineer should include the appropriate drivers in the master image or configure the deployment process to install them automatically.

C. Installed application license keys2: Installed application license keys are codes that activate or authenticate software applications. Some applications may require license keys to be entered during installation or after deployment. The desktop engineer should include the license keys in the master image or configure the deployment process to apply them automatically.

Chromium is an operating system that only has a web browser interface. Chromium is an open-source project that provides the source code and framework for Chrome OS, which is a Linux-based operating system developed by Google. Chromium and Chrome OS are designed to run web applications and cloud services through the Chrome web browser, which is the only user interface available on the system. Chromium and Chrome OS are mainly used on devices such as Chromebooks, Chromeboxes and Chromebits. Linux is an operating system that does not only have a web browser interface but also a graphical user interface and a command-line interface. Linux is an open-source and customizable operating system that can run various applications and services on different devices and platforms. Linux can also support different web browsers, such as Firefox, Opera and Chromium. Microsoft Windows is an operating system that does not only have a web browser interface but also a graphical user interface and a command-line interface. Microsoft Windows is a proprietary and popular operating system that can run various applications and services on different devices and platforms. Microsoft Windows can also support different web browsers, such as Edge, Internet Explorer and Chrome. iOS is an operating system that does not only have a web browser interface but also a graphical user interface and a voice-based interface. iOS is a proprietary and mobile operating system developed by Apple that can run various applications and services on devices such as iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. iOS can also support different web browsers, such as Safari, Firefox and Chrome. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.1

MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) is a security measure that often uses an SMS or third-party application as a secondary method to access a system. MFA requires the user to provide two or more pieces of evidence to prove their identity, such as something they know (e.g., password), something they have (e.g., phone), or something they are (e.g., fingerprint)2. WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is a security protocol for wireless networks that does not use SMS or third-party applications. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that does not use SMS or third-party applications. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a network protocol that provides centralized authentication and authorization for remote access clients, but does not use SMS or third-party applications.

SMB stands for Server Message Block, which is a network file sharing protocol that allows applications on a computer to read and write to files and to request services from server programs in a computer network. SMB is a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and can be used to transfer files between computers over a network. The technician can use SMB to access a file share on the user’s workstation and copy the file to or from it. VPN stands for virtual private network, which is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network. VPN is not a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and does not directly transfer files between computers. RMM stands for remote monitoring and management, which is a type of software solution that allows remote management and monitoring of devices and networks. RMM is not a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and does not directly transfer files between computers. MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance, which is a feature that allows a user to invite another user to view or control their computer remotely. MSRA is not a protocol, but an application that uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to establish a connection. MSRA does not directly transfer files between computers.

https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-desktop-workstations

When selecting a new Windows operating system for a large company that needs built-in encryption and endpoint protection, the Enterprise edition is the most likely choice. This edition provides advanced security features such as Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP), AppLocker, and BitLocker Drive Encryption. These features can help to protect the company's data and endpoints against malware attacks, unauthorized access, and data theft.

The Home and Pro editions of Windows do not include some of the advanced security features provided by the Enterprise edition, such as Windows Defender ATP and AppLocker. The Pro for Workstations edition is designed for high-performance and high-end hardware configurations, but it does not provide additional security features beyond those provided by the Pro edition.

Finder is the default GUI and file manager in macOS. Finder is an application that allows users to access and manage files and folders on their Mac computers. Finder also provides features such as Quick Look, Spotlight, AirDrop and iCloud Drive. Finder uses a graphical user interface that consists of icons, menus, toolbars and windows to display and interact with files and folders. Disk Utility is a utility that allows users to view and manage disk drives and partitions on their Mac computers. Disk Utility is not a GUI or a file manager but a disk management tool. Dock is a feature that allows users to access and launch applications on their Mac computers. Dock is not a GUI or a file manager but an application launcher. FileVault is a feature that allows users to encrypt and protect their data on their Mac computers. FileVault is not a GUI or a file manager but an encryption tool. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.1

VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a protocol that allows a technician to simultaneously view and control a user’s screen remotely. VNC uses a server-client model, where the user’s computer runs a VNC server and the technician’s computer runs a VNC client. VNC can work across different platforms and operating systems3. SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s command-line interface remotely, but not their graphical user interface. VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, but does not allow screen sharing. RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s desktop remotely, but not simultaneously with the user.

The most likely cause of the issue of having different hash values for a downloaded security tool is a modified file. A hash value is a unique and fixed-length string that is generated from an algorithm that processes data or files. A hash value can be used to verify the integrity and authenticity of data or files by comparing it with a known or expected value. If the hash values do not match, it means that the data or file has been altered or corrupted in some way. A modified file may result from intentional or unintentional changes, such as editing, encryption, compression or malware infection. Private-browsing mode is a feature that allows users to browse the web without storing any browsing history, cookies or cache on their browser. Private-browsing mode does not affect the hash value of a downloaded file but only how the browser handles user data. Invalid certificate is an error that occurs when a website or a server does not have a valid or trusted digital certificate that proves its identity and secures its communication. Invalid certificate does not affect the hash value of a downloaded file but only how the browser verifies the website or server’s credibility. Browser cache is a temporary storage that stores copies of web pages, images and other content that users have visited on their browser. 

 Apologizing to the customer and escalating the issue to a manager is the best course of action for the support center representative to take. This shows empathy and professionalism and allows the manager to handle the situation and provide the appropriate service or resolution for the customer.

The best explanation for why the system still has malware after performing a System Restore is that the malware was installed before the system restore point was created. A system restore point is a snapshot of the system settings and configuration at a certain point in time. A System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state in case of problems or errors. However, a System Restore does not affect personal files or folders, and it may not remove malware that was already present on the system before the restore point was created. A system patch disabling the antivirus protection and host firewall may increase the risk of malware infection, but it does not explain why the malware persists after a System Restore. The system updates not including the latest anti-malware definitions may reduce the effectiveness of malware detection and removal, but it does not explain why the malware persists after a System Restore. The system restore process being compromised by the malware may prevent a successful System Restore, but it does not explain why the malware persists after a System Restore. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.3

 Mission Control is the macOS feature that provides the user with a high-level view of all open windows. Mission Control allows the user to see and switch between multiple desktops, full-screen apps, and windows in a single screen. Mission Control can be accessed by swiping up with three or four fingers on the trackpad, pressing F3 on the keyboard, or moving the cursor to a hot corner

Content filtering is a process that manages or screens access to specific emails or webpages based on their content categories1. Content filtering can be used by organizations to control content access through their firewalls and enforce corporate policies around information system management2. A SOHO client may have content filtering enabled on their network and may need to adjust it to allow access to a corporate website that is blocked by default. The client can use a software program, a hardware device, or a subscription service to configure the content filtering settings and whitelist the desired website2.

References: 1: Web content filtering (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/web-content-filtering?view=o365-worldwide) 2: What is Content Filtering? Definition and Types of Content Filters (https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/content-filtering)

 Chain of custody and data integrity are two options that should most likely be considered when preserving data from a hard drive for forensic analysis. Chain of custody refers to the documentation and tracking of who has access to the data and how it is handled, stored, and transferred. Data integrity refers to the assurance that the data has not been altered, corrupted, or tampered with during the preservation process

After implementing a change authorized by the change advisory board (CAB), the technician should document the date and time of change as part of the post-implementation review. This helps to track the change history, verify the success of the change, and identify any issues or incidents caused by the change1. Documenting the purpose of the change, the risk level, and the findings of the sandbox test are all part of the pre-implementation activities that should be done before submitting the change request to the CAB2.

References: 2: https://www.manageengine.com/products/service-desk/itil-change-management/cab-change-advisory-board.html 1: https://www.servicenow.com/content/dam/servicenow-assets/public/en-us/doc-type/success/quick-answer/change-advisory-board-setup.pdf

Rolling back video card drivers is the best way to resolve the issue of large desktop icons on a user’s newly issued PC. This means restoring the previous version of the drivers that were working fine before the software patch was deployed. The software patch may have caused compatibility issues or corrupted the drivers, resulting in display problems

YUM stands for Yellowdog Updater Modified and it is a command-line tool that allows users to install, update, remove, and manage software packages in Linux. YUM can be used to add functionality to a Linux system by installing new software packages or updating existing ones. To change folder permissions, show documentation, or list file contents, other commands such as chmod, man, or ls can be used in Linux.

The correct answer is B. Printer Properties/Sharing tab. This is the location where the technician can enable printer sharing and assign a share name for the USB printer. This will allow other computers on the network to access the printer by using the share name or the IP address of the computer that has the printer attached1.

1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 2 Objectives, page 15, section 1.9.

A keylogger is a type of malware that captures user input, such as keystrokes, mouse clicks, and clipboard data, and sends it to a malicious actor. Keyloggers can be used to steal passwords, credit card numbers, personal information, and other sensitive data.

Redeeming the included activation key card for a product key is the correct way to apply a Windows 10 Pro license to a computer that has Windows 10 Home installed. The activation key card is a physical or digital card that contains a 25-digit code that can be used to activate Windows 10 Pro online or by phone. Copying the windows.lie file, inserting a Windows USB hardware dongle and activating with the digital license are not valid methods of applying a Windows 10 Pro license. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-upgrade-windows-10-home-to-pro https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Verifying warranty status with the vendor is the most logical next step in the remediation process after determining that a motherboard has failed. A warranty is a guarantee from the vendor that covers the repair or replacement of defective or faulty products within a specified period of time. Verifying warranty status with the vendor can help the technician determine if the motherboard is eligible for warranty service and what steps to take to obtain it. Escalating the issue to Tier 2, replacing the motherboard, and purchasing another PC are not the most logical next steps in the remediation process.

Group Policy is a feature of Windows that allows administrators to centrally manage and apply policies and settings to computers and users on a domain3. Group Policy can be used to configure network drives, printers, security settings, desktop preferences, and other configurations for all users’ workstations3. Network and Sharing Center, net use, User Accounts, and regedit are not tools that can accomplish this task.

certmgr.msc is a tool that can be used to troubleshoot issues with PKI (public key infrastructure) on a Windows machine. It allows a system administrator to view, manage and import certificates, as well as check their validity, expiration and revocation status. msconfig.exe, lusrmgr.msc and perfmon.msc are other tools that can be used for different purposes on a Windows machine, but they are not related to PKI. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-certmgr-msc https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

EFS (Encrypting File System) is a feature that allows a user to encrypt a single folder or file on a Windows PC. It uses a public key encryption system to protect the data from unauthorized access. FAT32 and exFAT are file system formats that do not support encryption. BitLocker is a feature that encrypts the entire drive, not a single folder or file. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-efs https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The correct answer is A. Amount of system RAM. A Type 2 hypervisor is a virtualization software that runs on top of a host operating system, which means it shares the system resources with the host OS and other applications. Therefore, increasing the amount of system RAM can improve the performance of the hypervisor and the virtual machines running on it. RAM is used to store data and instructions that are frequently accessed by the CPU, and having more RAM can reduce the need for swapping data to and from the storage device, which is slower than RAM.

NIC performance, storage IOPS, and dedicated GPU are not as relevant for improving the hypervisor’s performance in this scenario. NIC performance refers to the speed and quality of the network interface card, which is used to connect the computer to a network. Storage IOPS refers to the number of input/output operations per second that can be performed by the storage device, which is a measure of its speed and efficiency. Dedicated GPU refers to a separate graphics processing unit that can handle complex graphics tasks, such as gaming or video editing. These components may affect other aspects of the computer’s performance, but they are not directly related to the hypervisor’s ability to compile new source code.

Power Plans are Windows settings that allow a user to configure how a laptop’s screen behaves when plugged in or running on battery power. They can adjust the screen brightness and the time before the screen turns off due to inactivity. Hibernate, Sleep/Suspend and Screensaver are other Windows settings that affect how a laptop’s screen behaves, but they do not allow changing the screen brightness or turning off time. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/windows-power-plans https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Update and Security is the section in Windows 10 Settings that allows the user to back up their device. Backing up a device means creating a copy of the data and settings on the device and storing it in another location, such as an external drive or a cloud service. Backing up a device can help the user restore their data and settings in case of data loss, corruption, or theft. Devices and Printers, Email and Accounts, and Apps and Features are not sections in Windows 10 Settings that allow the user to back up their device.

WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) is a wireless security method that supports the majority of current Wi-Fi-capable devices without sacrificing security. It is backward compatible with WPA2 devices and offers enhanced encryption and authentication features. MAC filtering is another wireless security method, but it can be easily bypassed by spoofing MAC addresses. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) and TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) are network authentication protocols, but they are not wireless security methods by themselves. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/wireless-security-standards https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

services.msc is a tool that can be used to resolve the issue of “The Audio Driver is not running” on a Windows machine. It allows a technician to view, start, stop and configure the services that run on the system, such as the Windows Audio service. compmgmt.msc, regedit.exe, explorer.exe, taskmgt.exe and gpmc.msc are other tools that can be used for different purposes on a Windows machine, but they are not related to audio drivers or services. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-services-msc https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Incremental backups are backups that only include the changes made since the last backup, whether it was a full or an incremental backup. Incremental backups minimize the capacity of storage used and are often used in conjunction with synthetic full backups, which are backups that combine a full backup and subsequent incremental backups into a single backup set.

Browser plug-ins are software components that add functionality to a web browser, such as playing videos, displaying animations, etc. However, some browser plug-ins can also be malicious or compromised and cause unwanted pop-up advertising messages while browsing the internet. A malware scan may not be able to locate the source of the infection if it is hidden in a browser plug-in. Windows updates, DNS settings and certificate store are not likely sources of pop-up advertising messages. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/browser-security https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Shoulder surfing is a threat that involves someone looking over another person’s shoulder to observe their screen, keyboard, or other sensitive information. Shoulder surfing can be used to steal passwords, personal identification numbers (PINs), credit card numbers, or other confidential data. The use of a privacy screen on a computer can help prevent shoulder surfing by limiting the viewing angle of the screen and making it harder for someone to see the screen from the side or behind. Impersonation, whaling, and tailgating are not threats that can be prevented by using a privacy screen on a computer.