CWNP CWISA-102 Certified Wireless IoT Solutions Administrator Exam Practice Test

• Consumer Smart Devices Limitation: Many consumer-oriented smart devices are designed for simplicity and cost-effectiveness, leading to reliance on the crowded 2.4 GHz band.
• Consequences:

• Captive Portals for Guest Access: These are web pages that intercept users' requests before granting full internet access. They often require agreeing to terms, entering basic information, or viewing ads.
• Hospitality Fit: Captive portals are simple to deploy, require minimal user setup, and provide control for the hospitality provider (e.g., usage limits).
• Why Other Options Are Less Common:

References:

• Captive Portals: Explanations of how they work and their use cases.
• Guest Wi-Fi in Hospitality: Best practices highlight the prevalence of captive portals in this industry.

• LoRa: This refers to the underlying radio modulation technique using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS). It defines how data is physically encoded onto the wireless signal.
• LoRaWAN: This is the network protocol built on top of LoRa. It manages device communication, network topology, and aspects like security. It operates at the MAC sublayer of the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model
• LoRa vs. LoRaWAN: Key takeaway is that LoRa is the physical layer technology, while LoRaWAN adds the networking layer for management.

References:

• LoRa Modulation: Technical explanations of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS).
• LoRaWAN Specification: Official documentation detailing the network architecture and MAC layer functions.
• OSI Model: Descriptions of the Data Link layer and its role in networking.

• LoRa Modulation: LoRa (Long Range) is a proprietary wireless technology that utilizes Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation.
• CSS Characteristics:

References

• LoRa: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoRa
• Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp_spread_spectrum

• IIoT Environments: Industrial IoT (IIoT) often involves deployment in harsh environments (factories, plants, outdoor sites) with:
• Ruggedization: IIoT devices are designed to withstand these conditions, ensuring reliability and longevity.

References

• IIoT: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Internet_of_things
• Rugged Devices: Articles on ruggedized electronics will emphasize their importance in industrial settings.

• KPI alignment: Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) define success metrics for the wireless IoT solution (e.g., uptime, device responsiveness, data accuracy). Continuous monitoring tracks performance against these KPIs.
• Meeting Business Needs: Monitoring ensures the solution delivers the intended value. Are response times fast enough? Are business processes supported effectively?
• Proactive maintenance: Monitoring can reveal performance issues before they become critical failures, allowing for proactive fixes.
• Optimization: Monitoring data over time helps identify areas for fine-tuning the solution to further align with business requirements.

References

• Wireless IoT monitoring tools: Vendor documentation or articles on specific tools and the KPIs they can track.
• ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library): Frameworks emphasizing monitoring and continuous improvement.

• Health IoT Device Categories:

References

• Health IoT: Resources on healthcare + IoT will illustrate device types.

• IETF's Focus: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) primarily develops and standardizes internet protocols operating at the Network Layer (Layer 3) and above in the OSI model.
• Key Protocols: Some prominent IETF-developed protocols include:

References

• IETF Website: https://www.ietf.org/
• OSI Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

• SINR vs. SNR:
• Practical Importance: SINR is a more realistic indicator of real-world signal quality in wireless environments where interference is a significant factor.

References

• SINR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-interference-plus-noise_ratio
• SNR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio

• Automation for Consistency: Scripts eliminate the potential for human error during repetitive configuration tasks on multiple devices. This ensures uniformity across the wireless solution.
• Speed and Efficiency: Scripts can be much faster than manual configuration, particularly in large deployments.
• Other Benefits: While scripts might aid signal strength (e.g., optimizing settings) or enhance solution capabilities, their core value in configuration is reducing errors.

References:

• Network Automation: Benefits of using scripts for configuration management.
• Configuration Management Best Practices: Emphasize the importance of consistency and repeatability.

• SBCs (Single Board Computers): Designed as standalone, small-form-factor computers. They often include:
• Controller Boards: Focus on controlling specific hardware or systems.

References

• SBC Examples: https://www.raspberrypi.org/, https://www.beagleboard.org/
• Controller Board Examples: https://www.arduino.cc/

• XAML and .NET: XAML (eXtensible Application Markup Language) is primarily used within the .NET framework for defining user interfaces. Specifically, technologies like:
• XAML in Other Frameworks: While some limited adaptation exists, its core use is tightly coupled with .NET technologies.

References:

• XAML Overview (Microsoft Docs): Introductions to XAML emphasizing its use in .NET applications.
• WPF Documentation: Tutorials and references specifically mentioning XAML's role in Windows desktop development.

• Wi-Fi and Zigbee Interference: Both can operate in the 2.4 GHz band, leading to potential interference that degrades performance for both networks.
• 5 GHz Advantages:

• Ongoing Monitoring for Adaptability: Wireless networks are dynamic environments. Ongoing monitoring is essential because:

References

• Importance of Wireless Network Monitoring: Resources will detail its role in proactive management

• Browser Ubiquity: JavaScript has a native runtime environment within almost every modern web browser, making it the 'built-in' scripting language for web-based interfaces.
• Node-RED: This IoT flow-based programming tool specifically uses JavaScript for its logic and automation functions.
• Other Languages:

References:

• JavaScript (Browser Compatibility): Documentation of its near-universal support
• Node-RED (Programming Model): Descriptions of how it uses JavaScript for node logic.

• Privilege Creep Defined: Gradual accumulation of excessive permissions over time, often due to users changing roles or access needs not being adjusted accordingly.
• Other Terms:

References:

• Principle of Least Privilege: Security best practice emphasizing the need to minimize access to only what's necessary.
• Access Control Models: Discussions of how privilege creep can violate security principles.

• Cloud-based applications drive bandwidth usage: Applications like Google Suite, Microsoft 365, and video conferencing (Zoom, Teams) are commonly used in educational settings. These rely on cloud servers, requiring significant downloads and uploads.
• Shift towards online learning: More schools are utilizing online learning platforms and resources, further increasing their dependence on cloud-based solutions.
• Streaming, torrents, wearables less impactful: Streaming music and torrent sites can contribute, but their impact is generally less significant. Wearables in education are still niche despite their potential.

References

• Trends in education technology: Reports on the rise of cloud-based learning platforms in schools.
• Network usage studies in schools: Research on bandwidth usage patterns can confirm the primary drivers of traffic in educational settings.

• QAM Constellations: QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) uses a constellation diagram where points represent unique combinations of amplitude and phase.
• Bits per Symbol: The number in QAM-XX indicates the number of points:
• Higher Data Rates: More points in the constellation enable transmitting more bits per symbol, leading to higher data rates at the same bandwidth.

References

• QAM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulation

• Outsourcing Knowledge Transfer: When outsourcing implementation, the service provider has firsthand knowledge of system setup and configuration. Clear documentation ensures this knowledge remains accessible to you after the project is complete.
• Ongoing Support: While paid/free support options influence long-term maintenance, they won't substitute missing documentation about the specific setup.
• Reducing Future Vendor Reliance: Detailed documentation helps mitigate over-reliance on the service provider for minor changes and troubleshooting, giving you more long-term autonomy.
• Proof of Concept: A POC typically happens before outsourcing, and focuses on validating the solution's feasibility, not ensuring smooth knowledge transfer thereafter.

References:

• Service Level Agreements (SLAs): Documentation related to outsourced work may be defined as a deliverable within an SLA.
• Knowledge Management Best Practices:

• WBAN Range: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) specialize in short-range communication around the human body. Typical ranges fall within 1-2 meters.
• Purpose: This range is designed to:

References

• WBAN Overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_area_network
• WBAN Research Paper (Check Range Discussion): https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/11/4/67