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Three boys with autism, ages 7–10 years old, served as participants in a study. During baseline, staff used response blocking when five instances of aggression or head-banging occurred within 10 seconds, until attempts ceased for 1 minute. During baseline and treatment, each occurrence of aggression and head-banging was recorded daily and converted to the number of responses per hour. Treatment comprised a differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) schedule coupled with response blocking after every head-banging or aggression. The staff initially applied the treatment to head-banging, while continuing to take a baseline on aggression.
After noting treatment effects on head-banging, the staff then applied the treatment to aggression.
In this scenario, how was direct replication shown?
In order to promote generalization in intensive teaching, the behavior analyst shoulD.
When providing behavior analytic services to a child in a school setting, a behavior analyst should
Which of the following scenarios involves a behavioral contingency?
Teaching a receptive-identification task falls in the category of _____ instruction.
Which of the following is most likely an example of reinforcing consequences?
Keller's Personalized System of Instruction features which of the following characteristics?
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when evaluating extinction as a possible intervention?
Marvell is working on a new case with a student who refuses to attend school. Before deciding on a treatment plan, Marvell schedules interviews and observation sessions. This is an example of which assumption of behavior analysis?
John's instructional program has successfully increased the number of words he reads correctly per minute. The procedures used include special worksheets, contingent reinforcement for number of words read correctly, and peer tutoring. The behavior analyst wants to determine which part or parts of the treatment have been effective, so he systematically dismantles the treatment and withdraws elements until the reading no longer improves. The behavior analyst is completing A.
The matching law states that when responding is reinforced on concurrent VI-20 and VI-50 schedules, the:
A teacher gives a student a piece of paper and asks him to draw a picture. To request a crayon, the student looks at the teacher and says, "Crayon." In response to this, the teacher replies, "Say, 'Crayon please'." The student complies with the request and the teacher gives them a crayon. This exchange is an example oF.
In order to decrease the occurrence of an inappropriate behavior effectively, a behavior analyst should simultaneously increasE.
Tommy is looking at a photo album with his dad. He looks at his dad and then points to a picture of his mom and says, "Mommy." This is an example oF.
In order to obtain the GREATEST increase in the value of an identified reinforcer after satiation has occurred, the behavior analyst shoulD.
Angela nurses her newborn infant when he cries. Rates of crying increase. The presentation of the milk functions as a(n)
The most appropriate tool for performing a behavior pattern analysis is a (n):
A behavior analyst is asked to provide direct services requiring daily 1:1 interaction with a teen-aged client. The client does not speak but can communicate fluently using sign language. The behavior analyst knows some sign language but is not fluent. The BEST approach to this situation would be to
When determining the specified time interval to prescribe at the start of a DRO intervention, which of the following dimensions of the target behavior is MOST relevant?
In the past, Parnelli consistently drove at high speeds on city streets. However, he was pulled over and had to immediately pay a very expensive fine. Afterward, Parnelli very seldom drove at high rates of speed. Which of the following might account for the effect of the lost money resulting from paying the fine?
When using an alternating treatments design it is important to randomly:
Trials to criterion refers to a measure of
What is the MOST important measure of behavior when the goal is to decrease the number of cigarettes smoked per day?
Billy, a 20-year-old male, has the capacity to give consent for treatment. The behavior analyst has developed a program and explained it to Billy. Procedures, benefits, rights, and other information also were shown to him. The one element still needed for informed consent is approval from
A major benefit of product recording is that:
Alonzo tries to run out of his classroom without permission and forcefully resists attempts to stop him. Behavioral assessment information leads to two hypotheses regarding Alonzo's behavior. The behavior analyst decides to conduct systematic manipulations to determine functional relationships. The MOST important reason to do this is to
The rehabilitation therapist wants to determine if the sensory integration sessions are helping to reduce Ed's hand-slapping. What is the BEST method for recording momentary time-sampling data?
The use of a withdrawal design is LEAST appropriate when:
By definition, a data recording system is valid if it:
Response prompts are supplementary _________ stimuli that _________ the likelihood that the target behavior will be emitted.
What must happen for an alternating-treatments design to be optimally effective?
A change in which of the following could NOT function as a stimulus for triggering an episode of aggression in a student?
Accuracy of measurement refers to the extent to whicH.
Responses that are likely to allow access to new reinforcers or environments, produce generative behavior, and compete with inappropriate responses are calleD.
Disruptive behavior occurs at a moderate rate and consistent intensity level throughout the school day. How should the teacher collect data on the behavior?
A child diagnosed with autism engages in hand flapping almost continuously at home, day care and school. An intervention is devised to alleviate this challenging behavior. Which type of experimental design would be BEST?
When LeRoy sees his father arrive home, he begins to clean his room. Given this information, we can conclude ONLY that the father's arrival is:
Interval recording provides an estimate of which two measures of behavior?
Elizabeth engages in skin scratching that never occurs when others are present. Additionally, no one has commented on this behavior, and it has occurred undetected by others for quite a long while. Elizabeth hides the scratch marks under clothing. The scratching behavior is MOST likely to be maintained by:
The best method for identifying potential reinforcers is to usE.